SynthesisPloS one2014
Serum uric acid is associated with incident chronic kidney disease in middle-aged populations: a meta-analysis of 15 cohort studies.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 153 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum uric acid levels and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of evidence from observational studies, randomised controlled trials, and Mendelian randomisation studies.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2017Pooled it
- Efficacy of xanthine oxidase inhibitor for chronic kidney disease patients with hyperuricemia.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2020Trial
- Effect of allopurinol on the glomerular filtration rate of children with chronic kidney disease.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2018Trial
- Efficacy of Leflunomide, Telmisartan, and Clopidogrel for Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Chinese medical journal · 2016Trial
- Rationale and design of a multicenter randomized study for evaluating vascular function under uric acid control using the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, febuxostat: the PRIZE study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2016Trial
- Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Dotinurad in Chinese Patients with Gout: A Comparative Analysis.Drugs - real world outcomes · 2026Article
- Redefining Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Risk: Vascular Gout and Crystal-Driven Vascular Inflammation in Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia.JACC. Asia · 2026Review
- Uric Acid and Chronic Kidney Disease.Kidney medicine · 2026Review
- Role of urate transporters in the kidneys and intestine in uric acid homeostasis.Kidney research and clinical practice · 2026Article
- Timing of urate-lowering therapy and risk of kidney failure and mortality in CKD: an application of the parametric G-formula.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Alcohol consumption and the incidence of hyperuricemia in Japanese men and women.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A Novel Dual URAT1/GLUT9 Inhibitor Reduces Hyperuricemia by Enhancing Uric Acid Excretion and Attenuating Renal Fibrosis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Back to the Physiology: Renal Tubular Handling of Uric Acid and Emerging Strategies for Managing Hyperuricemia.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Review
- The Incidence and Risk Factors of Gout in Non-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients With Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- Urate-lowering therapy and kidney outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease and hyperuricemia.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Association between the serum uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and microalbuminuria in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Article
- Uric Acid Trajectories and CKD Progression in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- The trajectory of frailty index and its association with rapid decline in kidney function and the incidence of chronic kidney disease: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- Comparison of the incidence of proteinuria and changes in eGFR among febuxostat and topiroxostat users.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2025Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMounting evidence indicates that elevated serum uric acid may increase the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our goal was to systematically evaluate longitudinal cohort studies for the association of serum uric acid levels and incident CKD.
methodsWe searched electronic databases and the reference lists of relevant articles. The primary outcome was incident CKD, which was defined as an eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at the follow-up examination. Study-specific risk estimates were combined using random-effects models. The included studies were stratified into subgroups, and meta-regression analyses were performed.
resultsFifteen unique cohorts with a total of 99,205 individuals and 3,492 incident CKD cases were included. The relative risk of CKD was 1.22 (95% CI 1.16-1.28, I2 = 65.9%) per 1 mg/dL serum uric level increment. This positive association was consistently observed in subgroups stratified according to most of the study-level characteristics. The observed positive association was more pronounced among group with a mean age <60 years (RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.21-1.31), and low-level heterogeneity was observed in the findings for this age group (I2 = 46.4%, P = 0.022). However, no association was observed among studies with a mean age≥60 years (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.96-1.13), and no evidence of heterogeneity was evident among the studies (I2 = 0%, P = 0.409). This mean age-related difference in the association between serum uric acid levels and CKD was significant (P = 0.004). The sensitivity analysis results were consistent when the analyses were restricted to studies that controlled for proteinuria and metabolic syndrome.
conclusionsOur meta-analysis demonstrated a positive association between serum uric acid levels and risk of CKD in middle-aged patients independent of established metabolic risk factors. Future randomized, high-quality clinical trials are warranted to determine whether lowering uric acid levels is beneficial in CKD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.