Trial reportBlood2014
Staphylococcal enterotoxins stimulate lymphoma-associated immune dysregulation.
Trial report in Blood, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mycosis Fungoides with Concurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Young Patient: A Rare Case.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2026Article
- Clinical Implications of the Skin Microbiota in the Therapy of Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma: A Scoping Review.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Ionizing radiation improves skin bacterial dysbiosis in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma and Microbiota: Etiopathogenesis and Potential New Therapeutic Targets.Dermatology research and practice · 2024Review
- Microbiome in Cancer Development and Treatment.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Enterotoxins A and B produced byHeliyon · 2023Article
- Phenotypic plasticity of malignant T cells in blood and skin of a Sézary syndrome patient revealed by single cell transcriptomics.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Bidirectional Functional Effects ofMicroorganisms · 2022Review
- miRNA Signature in Early-stage Mycosis Fungoides.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2022Article
- The Skin Microbiome in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas (CTCL)-A Narrative Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Unveils the Clonal and Transcriptional Landscape of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2022Article
- Review
- Review
- The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in the Pathogenesis of Sézary Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Narrowband ultraviolet B response in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is characterized by increased bacterial diversity and reducedFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- High Expression of IKZF2 in Malignant T Cells Promotes Disease Progression in Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2021Article
- Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Skin Microbiome Is Characterized by Shifts in Certain Commensal Bacteria but not Viruses when Compared with Healthy Controls.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2021Observational
- IL-10-Producing ILCs: Molecular Mechanisms and Disease Relevance.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Characteristics and Clinical Implications of the Nasal Microbiota in Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) are frequently colonized with Staphylococcus aureus (SA). Eradication of SA is, importantly, associated with significant clinical improvement, suggesting that SA promotes the disease activity, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that SA isolates from involved skin express staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) that induce crosstalk between malignant and benign T cells leading to Stat3-mediated interleukin-10 (IL-10) production by the malignant T cells. The SEs did not stimulate the malignant T cells directly. Instead, SEs triggered a cascade of events involving cell-cell and asymmetric cytokine interactions between malignant and benign T cells, which stimulated the malignant T cells to express high levels of IL-10. Much evidence supports that malignant activation of the Stat3/IL-10 axis plays a key role in driving the immune dysregulation and severe immunodeficiency that characteristically develops in CTCL patients. The present findings thereby establish a novel link between SEs and immune dysregulation in CTCL, strengthening the rationale for antibiotic treatment of colonized patients with severe or progressive disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.