ReviewReproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E2014
Changes in sex ratio from fertilization to birth in assisted-reproductive-treatment cycles.
Review in Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Parental kinship influences global methylation and epigenetic age estimation in Peromyscus.Genetics · 2026Article
- Maternal serum progesterone and BMI are associated with neonatal sex ratios following single frozen embryo transfer.PloS one · 2026Article
- Predictive Ability of an Objective and Time-Saving Blastocyst Scoring Model on Live Birth.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Parental mixed-gender preferences revealed by IVF twin births.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Pre-pregnancy body mass index and offspring neurobehavioral development: a birth cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Reproductive Outcomes of Conventional In Vitro Fertilization and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in Patients with Non-Severe Male Infertility Across Poor and Different Sub-Optimal Ovarian Response Categories: A Cohort Study Based on 30,352 Fresh Cycles from 2009-2019.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Article
- Sex ratio shift after frozen single blastocyst transfer in relation to blastocyst morphology parameters.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Assisted reproductive technology induces different secondary sex ratio: parental and embryonic impacts.Reproductive health · 2023Article
- Factors affecting male-to-female ratio at birth in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles: a large retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Sex ratio imbalance following blastocyst transfer is associated with ICSI but not with IVF: an analysis of 14,892 single embryo transfer cycles.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2022Article
- Obstetric and Perinatal Outcomes After Assisted Reproductive Technology in Women With Cesarean Scar.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Embryo quality, ploidy, and transfer outcomes in male versus female blastocysts.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2021Article
- Sex ratio of infants born through in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: Results of a single-institution study and literature review.JBRA assisted reproduction · 2021Review
- Foetal loss and feminine sex ratios at birth in sub-Saharan Africa.Population studies · 2021Article
- Interpretable, not black-box, artificial intelligence should be used for embryo selection.Human reproduction open · 2021Article
- Male advantage observed for in vitro fertilization mouse embryos exhibiting early cleavage.Reproductive medicine and biology · 2021Article
- Pre-Implantation Gender Selection: Family Balancing in Jordan.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2021Article
- Prepregnancy obesity is associated with cognitive outcomes in boys in a low-income, multiethnic birth cohort.BMC pediatrics · 2019Article
- Effect of assisted reproductive technology on the molecular karyotype of missed abortion tissues.Bioscience reports · 2018Article
- Neonate female to male ratio after assisted reproduction following antagonist and agonist protocols.Medicine · 2018Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn Western gender-neutral countries, the sex ratio at birth is estimated to be approximately 1.06. This ratio is lower than the estimated sex ratio at fertilization which ranges from 1.07 to 1.70 depending on the figures of sex ratio at birth and differential embryo/fetal mortality rates taken into account to perform these estimations. Likewise, little is known about the sex ratio at implantation in natural and assisted-reproduction-treatment (ART) cycles. In this bioessay, we aim to estimate the sex ratio at fertilization and implantation using data from embryos generated by standard in-vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in preimplantation genetic diagnosis cycles. Thereafter, we compare sex ratios at implantation and birth in cleavage- and blastocyst-stage-transfer cycles to propose molecular mechanisms accounting for differences in post-implantation male and female mortality and thereby variations in sex ratios at birth in ART cycles.
methodsA literature review based on publications up to December 2013 identified by PubMed database searches.
resultsSex ratio at both fertilization and implantation is estimated to be between 1.29 and 1.50 in IVF cycles and 1.07 in ICSI cycles. Compared with the estimated sex ratio at implantation, sex ratio at birth is lower in IVF cycles (1.03 after cleavage-stage transfer and 1.25 after blastocyst-stage transfer) but similar and close to unity in ICSI cycles (0.95 after cleavage-stage transfer and 1.04 after blastocyst-stage transfer).
conclusionsIn-vitro-culture-induced precocious X-chromosome inactivation together with ICSI-induced decrease in number of trophectoderm cells in female blastocysts may account for preferential female mortality at early post-implantation stages and thereby variations in sex ratios at birth in ART cycles.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.