Observational studyAtherosclerosis2014
Associations between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and subclinical atherosclerosis in middle-aged adults: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study.
Observational study in Atherosclerosis, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 146 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and subclinical atherosclerosis in Western and Asian cohorts: an updated meta-analysis.Open heart · 2021Pooled it
- Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with major adverse cardiovascular events: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2016Pooled it
- Hepatic Fat in Participants With and Without Incident Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcome Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Trial
- Abdominal lean muscle is associated with lower mortality among kidney waitlist candidates.Clinical transplantation · 2017Trial
- Associations between fatty liver index and asymptomatic intracranial vertebrobasilar stenosis in Chinese population.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Review
- Blood Pressure Trajectories in Young Adulthood and Midlife Steatotic Liver Disease.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Article
- Low anti-Mullerian hormone in reproductive age is associated with MASLD in midlife.Hepatology communications · 2026Article
- Coronary Artery Calcium Progression and Cognitive Function in Midlife-The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.Circulation. Population health and outcomes · 2026Article
- Cumulative lipid exposure in young adulthood and risk of midlife MASLD.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of NAFLD in adults aged 20-49 years (1990-2021): a comprehensive analysis of trends, decomposition, and health inequality.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Subcutaneous adipose tissue gene transcripts associated with progressive myosteatosis in persons with HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Article
- Cardiovascular Health Trajectories and Prevalent Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Midlife: The CARDIA Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- The Primacy of Adipose Tissue Gene Expression and Plasma Lipidome in Cardiometabolic Disease in Persons With HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Single-Cell Analysis of Subcutaneous Fat Reveals Profibrotic Cells That Correlate With Visceral Adiposity in HIV.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Abdominal aortic calcification among gastroenterological and transplant surgery.Annals of gastroenterological surgery · 2024Review
- NASH triggers cardiometabolic HFpEF in aging mice.GeroScience · 2024Article
- Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Coronary Artery Disease: A Bidirectional Association Based on Endothelial Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The impact of steatotic liver disease on coronary artery disease through changes in the plasma lipidome.Scientific reports · 2024Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an obesity-related condition associated with cardiovascular mortality. Yet, whether or not NAFLD is independently related to atherosclerosis is unclear. In a population-based cross-sectional sample of middle-aged adults free from liver or heart disease, we tested the hypothesis that NAFLD is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis (coronary artery (CAC) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC)) independent of obesity.
methodsParticipants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study with CT quantification of liver fat, CAC and AAC were included (n = 2424). NAFLD was defined as liver attenuation ≤40 Hounsfield Units after exclusion of other causes of liver fat. CAC and AAC presence was defined as Agatston score >0.
resultsMean participant age was 50.1 ± 3.6 years, (42.7% men, 50.0% black) and BMI was 30.6 ± 7.2 kg/m(2). The prevalence of NAFLD, CAC, and AAC was 9.6%, 27.1%, and 51.4%. NAFLD participants had increased prevalence of CAC (37.9% vs. 26.0%, p < 0.001) and AAC (65.1% vs. 49.9%, p < 0.001). NAFLD remained associated with CAC (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.001-1.82) and AAC (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.29-2.35) after adjustment for demographics and health behaviors. However, these associations were attenuated after additional adjustment for visceral adipose tissue (CAC OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.74-1.48, AAC OR = 1.20; 95% CI, 0.86-1.67). There was no interaction by race or sex.
conclusionIn contrast to prior research, these findings suggest that obesity attenuates the relationship between NAFLD and subclinical atherosclerosis. Further studies evaluating the role of NAFLD duration on atherosclerotic progression and cardiovascular events are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.