ReviewCellular & molecular immunology2014
Testicular defense systems: immune privilege and innate immunity.
Review in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 179 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
179 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 344 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of COVID-19 on Male Reproductive System - A Systematic Review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- A porcine model of chronic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection identifies male reproductive glands as sites of viral persistence.Virulence · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Ultrasound Versus Levofloxacin in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Orchitis: Comparative Effects on Testicular Inflammation and Tissue Recovery in Rats.Iranian journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Cap 2'-O-methyltransferase CMTR2 regulates male meiosis independent of its methyltransferase activity.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Seminiferous tubule-inspired coaxial bioprinting-derived extracellular vesicles restore Leydig cell steroidogenesis through modulation of Wnt4/β-catenin signaling.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Sertoli cells as potential agents against mycobacterial infections.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Advances in understanding the dual roles of testicular immune responses: From immune privilege to inflammation.Seminars in immunopathology · 2026Review
- Innate Immunity and Microbial Recognition in Reproduction: From Barrier Defense to Maternal-Fetal Tolerance.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
- Messenger RNA delivery into Sertoli cells restores fertility to congenitally infertile male mice.Stem cell reports · 2026Article
- miRNA Sequencing and Differential Analysis of Testes from 1-Year-Old and 3-Year-Old Kazakh Horses.Biology · 2026Article
- Icariin Modulates the Reproductive-Immune Axis: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Potential.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Targeting the CMKLR1-Mediated Signaling Rebalances Immunometabolism State in Middle-Age Testicular Macrophages.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Male Infertility: A Narrative Review of Diagnostic Value and Clinical Integration.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- BDE-47 and male infertility: integrated network toxicology, single-cell transcriptomics, andFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Advances in immune-inflammatory interactions within the testicular-penile microenvironment of varicocele patients: molecular mechanisms underlying erectile dysfunction and spermatogenic impairment.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Advances in immunological research on male infertility.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Review
- Article
- A multi-mics exploration of programmed cell death in non-obstructive azoospermia: identifying TLR4 as a central regulator and therapeutic target.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Single-cell atlas of rhesus monkey testis reveals aging- and season-dependent regulation of spermatogenesis and microenvironment homeostasis.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
119 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The mammalian testis possesses a special immunological environment because of its properties of remarkable immune privilege and effective local innate immunity. Testicular immune privilege protects immunogenic germ cells from systemic immune attack, and local innate immunity is important in preventing testicular microbial infections. The breakdown of local testicular immune homeostasis may lead to orchitis, an etiological factor of male infertility. The mechanisms underlying testicular immune privilege have been investigated for a long time. Increasing evidence shows that both a local immunosuppressive milieu and systemic immune tolerance are involved in maintaining testicular immune privilege status. The mechanisms underlying testicular innate immunity are emerging based on the investigation of the pattern recognition receptor-mediated innate immune response in testicular cells. This review summarizes our current understanding of testicular defense mechanisms and identifies topics that merit further investigation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.