ArticleOncotarget2014
Thioridazine inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth by targeting the VEGFR-2/PI3K/mTOR pathway in ovarian cancer xenografts.
Article in Oncotarget, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Repurposing Antipsychotic Agents in Oncology: Mechanistic Rationale, Emerging Evidence, and Therapeutic Potential.Cancers · 2026Review
- Repurposing Antipsychotics in Cancer Therapy: Modulation of Autophagy Mechanisms.Clinical drug investigation · 2026Review
- Revealing New Prospects: Antipsychotic Drugs Induces Anti-tumor Effects against Gastric Cancer through Inducing Apoptosis.Current cancer drug targets · 2025Article
- Thioridazine reverses trastuzumab resistance in gastric cancer by inhibiting S-phase kinase associated protein 2-mediated aerobic glycolysis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Targeting Prostate Cancer, the 'Tousled Way'.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- LKB1/STK11 Tumor Suppressor Reduces Angiogenesis by Directly Interacting with VEGFR2 in Tumorigenesis.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2023Article
- First-Line Combination Treatment with Low-Dose Bipolar Drugs for ABCB1-Overexpressing Drug-Resistant Cancer Populations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Repurposing phenothiazines for cancer therapy: compromising membrane integrity in cancer cells.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- HTR1A Inhibits the Progression of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via TGF-β Canonical and Noncanonical Pathways.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- Identification and validation of a five-lncRNA signature for predicting survival with targeted drug candidates in ovarian cancer.Bioengineered · 2021Article
- Repurposing Antipsychotics for Cancer Treatment.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Transcriptional alterations of protein coding and noncoding RNAs in triple negative breast cancer in response to DNA methyltransferases inhibition.Cancer cell international · 2021Article
- Targeting protein phosphatase PP2A for cancer therapy: development of allosteric pharmaceutical agents.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2021Review
- The Comparative Effect of Nisin and Thioridazine as Potential Anticancer Agents on Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Reports of biochemistry & molecular biology · 2021Article
- Thioridazine hydrochloride: an antipsychotic agent that inhibits tumor growth and lung metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer via inducing G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2020Article
- Parthenolide Inhibits Angiogenesis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Suppression of VEGF.OncoTargets and therapy · 2020Article
- Cancer and the Dopamine DThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2019Review
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- The Prospective Value of Dopamine Receptors on Bio-Behavior of Tumor.Journal of Cancer · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Thioridazine, a member of the phenothiazine family, is a powerful anti-anxiety and anti-psychotic drug. It can also suppress the growth of several types of tumor in vitro. In the current study, we evaluated the direct anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects of thioridazine in vivo. The injection of thioridazine into human ovarian tumor xenografts in nude mice significantly inhibited tumor growth by ~fivefold, and also decreased tumor vascularity. In addition, thioridazine inhibited the phosphorylation of the signaling molecules downstream of phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase (PI3K), including Akt, phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), during ovarian tumor progression via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). These results provide convincing evidence that thioridazine regulates endothelial cell function and subsequent angiogenesis by inhibiting VEGFR-2/PI3K/mTOR signal transduction. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that thioridazine might be a novel anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic agent for use in ovarian cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.