ArticleFish physiology and biochemistry2014
Melamine-cyanurate complexes and oxidative stress markers in trout kidney following melamine and cyanuric acid long-term co-exposure and withdrawal.
Article in Fish physiology and biochemistry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic melamine cyanurate exposure impairs spatial learning and memory by altering autophagy-mediated synaptic plasticity and oxidative stress in the hippocampus of adolescent rats.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Article
- Urinary Excretion of Cyanuric Acid in Association with Urolithiasis: A Matched Case-Control Study in Shanghai Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects by melamine and cyanuric acid co-exposure in human embryonic kidney 293 cells.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In 2007, renal failure and death in pets were linked to pet food containing both melamine (MEL) and cyanuric acid (CYA). In mammals and fish, the co-administration of MEL and CYA causes renal crystal formation. Moreover, little is known about the process of crystal removal in fish. The aim of this study was to evaluate the formation of MEL-cyanurate crystals in kidney of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed combined MEL and CYA diets for 10 weeks at 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg in feed (equivalent to 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg body weight of trout fed 1 % body weight per day). During the exposure trial and throughout a withdrawal period, prooxidant effects of MEL and CYA were evaluated on oxidative stress markers such as catalase, glutathione S-transferase and malondialdehyde. Crystal formation was dose and time dependent, and after six withdrawal weeks, crystals persisted in kidney of trout treated the highest triazine dose. Catalase and glutathione S-transferase activity in kidney of trout exposed to both triazines for 10 weeks indicated that MEL (with or without CYA) can exert a higher prooxidant effect than CYA dispensed singly. Although the enzymes activity increase appears to be reverted after two MEL withdrawal weeks, persistence of crystals may lead to severe damage in renal cells of fish.
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