ReviewJournal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia2014
Mammary gland involution as an immunotherapeutic target for postpartum breast cancer.
Review in Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognosis of Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of Contemporary Observational Studies.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Breastfeeding is Possible: A Systematic Review on the Feasibility and Challenges of Breastfeeding Among Breast Cancer Survivors of Reproductive Age.Annals of surgical oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Postpartum breast cancer as a distinct oncologic entity: linking physiological tissue remodelling to tumor biology and clinical translation.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Review
- Induction of senescence during postpartum mammary gland involution supports tissue remodeling and promotes postpartum tumorigenesis.Nature aging · 2026Article
- A STAT1-GBP1 axis modulates epithelial proliferation in postpartum breast tissue by repressing CDKI expression.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Semaphorin7A and PD-L1 cooperatively drive immunosuppression during mammary involution and breast cancer.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Molecular characterization of pregnancy-associated breast cancer and insights on timing from GEICAM-EMBARCAM study.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Recent Advancements in Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer.Cancer treatment and research · 2025Review
- Pregnancy and breast cancer in young women: current updates and future directions.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Review
- Relationship between breast tissue involution and breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Gestational breast cancer: distinctive molecular and clinico-epidemiological features.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2024Observational
- Loss of STING impairs lactogenic differentiation.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2024Article
- Immune Cell Contribution to Mammary Gland Development.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2024Review
- Altered liver metabolism post-wean abolishes efficacy of vitamin D for breast cancer prevention in a mouse model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Postpartum Breast Cancer and Survival in Women With Germline BRCA Pathogenic Variants.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Macrophages maintain mammary stem cell activity and mammary homeostasis via TNF-α-PI3K-Cdk1/Cyclin B1 axis.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2023Article
- Insight into the Crosstalk between Photodynamic Therapy and Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2023Review
- The immune environment of the mammary gland fluctuates during post-lactational regression and correlates with tumour growth rate.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2022Article
- Molecular and Clinical Characterization of Postpartum-Associated Breast Cancer in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study Phase I-III, 1993-2013.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Article
- Aberrant RET expression affects normal mammary gland post-lactation transition, enhancing cancer potential.Disease models & mechanisms · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Postpartum mammary gland involution has been identified as tumor-promotional and is proposed to contribute to the increased rates of metastasis and poor survival observed in postpartum breast cancer patients. In rodent models, the involuting mammary gland microenvironment is sufficient to induce enhanced tumor cell growth, local invasion, and metastasis. Postpartum involution shares many attributes with wound healing, including upregulation of genes involved in immune responsiveness and infiltration of tissue by immune cells. In rodent models, treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ameliorates the tumor-promotional effects of involution, consistent with the immune milieu of the involuting gland contributing to tumor promotion. Currently, immunotherapy is being investigated as a means of breast cancer treatment with the purpose of identifying ways to enhance anti-tumor immune responses. Here we review evidence for postpartum mammary gland involution being a uniquely defined 'hot-spot' of pro-tumorigenic immune cell infiltration, and propose that immunotherapy should be explored for prevention and treatment of breast cancers that arise in this environment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.