Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24950334›Full record

ArticleNature chemistry2014

Genetically encoded reporters for hyperpolarized xenon magnetic resonance imaging.

Mikhail G Shapiro, R Matthew Ramirez, Lindsay J Sperling, George Sun, Jinny Sun, Alexander Pines, David V Schaffer, Vikram S Bajaj

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature chemistry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
105citing papers in PubMed
17.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

105 citing papers in PubMed, 210 citations in OpenAlex.

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  5. UltrasensitiveAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
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  9. Molecules, Up Your Spins!Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
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  10. Article
  11. Review
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  13. Biogenic Imaging Contrast Agents.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023
    Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Structural and functional imaging of brains.Science China. Chemistry · 2023
    Review
  20. Low-boiling Point Perfluorocarbon Nanodroplets as Dual-Phase Dual-Modality MR/US Contrast Agent.Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry · 2022
    Article

45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Mikhail G Shapiro1] Miller Research Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [3] Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [4] Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
R Matthew Ramirez1] Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Lindsay J SperlingMaterials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
George SunDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Jinny SunDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Alexander Pines1] Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
David V Schaffer1] Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Vikram S Bajaj1] Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
University of California, Berkeley · USLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables high-resolution non-invasive observation of the anatomy and function of intact organisms. However, previous MRI reporters of key biological processes tied to gene expression have been limited by the inherently low molecular sensitivity of conventional (1)H MRI. This limitation could be overcome through the use of hyperpolarized nuclei, such as in the noble gas xenon, but previous reporters acting on such nuclei have been synthetic. Here, we introduce the first genetically encoded reporters for hyperpolarized (129)Xe MRI. These expressible reporters are based on gas vesicles (GVs), gas-binding protein nanostructures expressed by certain buoyant microorganisms. We show that GVs are capable of chemical exchange saturation transfer interactions with xenon, which enables chemically amplified GV detection at picomolar concentrations (a 100- to 10,000-fold improvement over comparable constructs for (1)H MRI). We demonstrate the use of GVs as heterologously expressed indicators of gene expression and chemically targeted exogenous labels in MRI experiments performed on living cells.

Indexed as

Gene ExpressionHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingXenonXenon

Identifiers

PMID24950334
OpenAlexW2118252706

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.