Trial reportPloS one2014
Is the conditioned pain modulation paradigm reliable? A test-retest assessment using the nociceptive withdrawal reflex.
Trial report in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Reliability of Measuring Conditioned Pain Modulation With the Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflex
Test-Retest Reliability of an Experimental Model of Shoulder Muscle Pain
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recommendations for the Neurophysiological Assessment of Conditioned Pain Modulation: A Systematic Review of Nociceptive Blink Reflex and Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflex Protocols.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Variability and effect sizes of intracranial current source density estimations during pain: Systematic review, experimental findings, and future perspectives.Human brain mapping · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Modulation of central pain mechanisms using high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation: A double-blind, sham-controlled study.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2023Trial
- Effectiveness of Internet-Based Exercises Aimed at Treating Knee Osteoarthritis: The iBEAT-OA Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2021Trial
- Evoked potentials after painful cutaneous electrical stimulation depict pain relief during a conditioned pain modulation.BMC neurology · 2017Trial
- Effect of Milnacipran on Pain in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis with Widespread Pain: A Randomized Blinded Crossover Trial.The Journal of rheumatology · 2016Trial
- Modulation of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex in walking is not changed by the presence of tonic pain.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
- Temporal changes in cortical sensory processing during the transition from acute to chronic low back pain.Pain reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Sex differences in conditioned pain modulation effects and its associations with autonomic nervous system activities in healthy, younger individuals: a pilot study.Pain reports · 2024Article
- Body-site effect on CPM efficiency in healthy subjects: Central vs. peripheral stimulation.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Investigating conditioned pain modulation in horses: can the lip-twitch be used as a conditioning stimulus?Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Neurophysiological oscillatory markers of hypoalgesia in conditioned pain modulation.Pain reports · 2023Article
- The interrater and test-retest reliability of 3 modalities of quantitative sensory testing in healthy adults and people with chronic low back pain or rheumatoid arthritis.Pain reports · 2023Article
- Article
- The Relationship Between Adverse Life Events and Endogenous Inhibition of Pain and Spinal Nociception: Findings From the Oklahoma Study of Native American Pain Risk (OK-SNAP).The journal of pain · 2021Article
- The nociceptive flexion reflex: a scoping review and proposed standardized methodology for acquisition in those affected by chronic pain.British journal of pain · 2021Article
- A test-retest reliability study of assessing small cutaneous fibers by measuring current perception threshold with pin electrodes.PloS one · 2020Article
- Conditioned Pain Modulation in Sexual Assault Survivors.The journal of pain · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of the conditioned pain modulation (CPM) paradigm assessed by an objective electrophysiological method, the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR), and psychophysical measures, using hypothetical sample sizes for future studies as analytical goals. Thirty-four healthy volunteers participated in two identical experimental sessions, separated by 1 to 3 weeks. In each session, the cold pressor test (CPT) was used to induce CPM, and the NWR thresholds, electrical pain detection thresholds and pain intensity ratings after suprathreshold electrical stimulation were assessed before and during CPT. CPM was consistently detected by all methods, and the electrophysiological measures did not introduce additional variation to the assessment. In particular, 99% of the trials resulted in higher NWR thresholds during CPT, with an average increase of 3.4 mA (p<0.001). Similarly, 96% of the trials resulted in higher electrical pain detection thresholds during CPT, with an average increase of 2.2 mA (p<0.001). Pain intensity ratings after suprathreshold electrical stimulation were reduced during CPT in 84% of the trials, displaying an average decrease of 1.5 points in a numeric rating scale (p<0.001). Under these experimental conditions, CPM reliability was acceptable for all assessment methods in terms of sample sizes for potential experiments. The presented results are encouraging with regards to the use of the CPM as an assessment tool in experimental and clinical pain. Trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov NCT01636440.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.