ArticleJournal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences2014
Sexual dimorphism in ratio of second and fourth digits and its relationship with metabolic syndrome indices and cardiovascular risk factors.
Article in Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Genome-wide association study identifies nine novel loci for 2D:4D finger ratio, a putative retrospective biomarker of testosterone exposure in utero.Human molecular genetics · 2018Pooled it
- Second to Fourth Digit Ratio (2D:4D) in Hypertension Disease.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- 2D:4D ratio as a predictor for malocclusion among Saudi children.Bioinformation · 2025Article
- Anthropometric measures do not explain the 2D:4D ratio sexual dimorphism in 7-year-old children.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2022Article
- The 2D:4D index is associated with the development of excess body weight in adults, but not with the rate of weight loss following bariatric surgery.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Sexual Dimorphism and Sex-2D : 4D Interactions on Fasting Lipid Variables in an Adult Ghanaian Population.Journal of lipids · 2022Article
- Giving science the finger-is the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) a biomarker of good luck? A cross sectional study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2021Article
- FTO Gene Associates and Interacts with Obesity Risk, Physical Activity, Energy Intake, and Time Spent Sitting: Pilot Study in a Nigerian Population.Journal of obesity · 2017Article
- Low digit ratio (2D:4D) in male suicide victims.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2016Article
- 2D:4D Ratio and its Implications in Medicine.Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR · 2016Article
- Association between Severe Early Childhood Caries, Dietary Preferences, and 2nd Digit-4th Digit (2D:4D) Ratio.International journal of clinical pediatric dentistryArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRatio of second and fourth digit (2D:4D) is known to be germane in analyzing utero concentrations of testosterone and estrogen in human and other vertebrates. 2D:4D had been linked to several traits like athletes' abilities, reproductive success, risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of several cardiovascular risk factors. Waist circumference (WC), neck circumference (NC), body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) are important in measuring MetS. This study investigated sexual dimorphism in 2D:4D and its relationship with MetS indices and CVD factors among adult residing in Ilorin, North central Nigeria. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis is a cross-sectional, stratified multi-staged sampling study. Participants residing in different neighborhoods were visited at home where finger lengths and anthropometric traits were measured. Participants include 801 healthy adults aged 18-44 years (56% male) who had been living in the area for more than 3 years.
resultsMales showed significantly lower 2D:4D than females (unpaired t-test; t [699] = 11.49, P = 0.001). A significant positive correlation was observed in MetS markers and 2D:4D. WHtR showed the highest correlation with 2D:4D in male (r = 0.461, P ≤ 0.001) and female (r = 0.408, P ≤ 0.001) when compared with BMI, NC and WC. All positive correlations recorded in this study were high in male and right hand.
conclusionOur results showed that 2D:4D is sexual dimorphic and right hand 2D:4D as a predictor of MetS is better. We concluded that 2D:4D is a proxy for MetS and CVD risk factors in Ilorin.
Indexed as
Identifiers
24949031PMC4061645What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.