ArticleDevelopment (Cambridge, England)2014
The cortical hem regulates the size and patterning of neocortex.
Article in Development (Cambridge, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Early developmental origins of cortical disorders modeled in human neural stem cells.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The Principle of Cortical Development and Evolution.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Review
- Early cell cycle genes in cortical organoid progenitors predict interindividual variability in infant brain growth trajectories.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Choroid plexus defects in Down syndrome brain organoids enhance neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2.Science advances · 2024Article
- ERK signaling expands mammalian cortical radial glial cells and extends the neurogenic period.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- BMP7 expression in mammalian cortical radial glial cells increases the length of the neurogenic period.Protein & cell · 2024Article
- Molecular programs of regional specification and neural stem cell fate progression in macaque telencephalon.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Lmx1a is a master regulator of the cortical hem.eLife · 2023Article
- Modeling idiopathic autism in forebrain organoids reveals an imbalance of excitatory cortical neuron subtypes during early neurogenesis.Nature neuroscience · 2023Article
- Evaluation of advances in cortical development using model systems.Developmental neurobiology · 2022Review
- BAF (mSWI/SNF) complex regulates mediolateral cortical patterning in the developing forebrain.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- Development of the mammalian cortical hem and its derivatives: the choroid plexus, Cajal-Retzius cells and hippocampus.Open biology · 2021Article
- Multiple Functions of theFrontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- Ontogeny of adult neural stem cells in the mammalian brain.Current topics in developmental biology · 2021Review
- Variations of telencephalic development that paved the way for neocortical evolution.Progress in neurobiology · 2020Review
- Variation of Human Neural Stem Cells Generating Organizer States In Vitro before Committing to Cortical Excitatory or Inhibitory Neuronal Fates.Cell reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
The cortical hem, a source of Wingless-related (WNT) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in the dorsomedial telencephalon, is the embryonic organizer for the hippocampus. Whether the hem is a major regulator of cortical patterning outside the hippocampus has not been investigated. We examined regional organization across the entire cerebral cortex in mice genetically engineered to lack the hem. Indicating that the hem regulates dorsoventral patterning in the cortical hemisphere, the neocortex, particularly dorsomedial neocortex, was reduced in size in late-stage hem-ablated embryos, whereas cortex ventrolateral to the neocortex expanded dorsally. Unexpectedly, hem ablation also perturbed regional patterning along the rostrocaudal axis of neocortex. Rostral neocortical domains identified by characteristic gene expression were expanded, and caudal domains diminished. A similar shift occurs when fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 8 is increased at the rostral telencephalic organizer, yet the FGF8 source was unchanged in hem-ablated brains. Rather we found that hem WNT or BMP signals, or both, have opposite effects to those of FGF8 in regulating transcription factors that control the size and position of neocortical areas. When the hem is ablated a necessary balance is perturbed, and cerebral cortex is rostralized. Our findings reveal a much broader role for the hem in cortical development than previously recognized, and emphasize that two major signaling centers interact antagonistically to pattern cerebral cortex.
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