ArticleAJNR. American journal of neuroradiology2014
Cranial arachnoid protrusions and contiguous diploic veins in CSF drainage.
Article in AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus with Brain Herniation into the Arachnoid Granulation of the Lateral Lacuna of the Superior Sagittal Sinus: A Case Report.NMC case report journal · 2026Article
- Imaging evaluation and volumetric measurement of the space surrounding the diploic veins.Japanese journal of radiology · 2024Article
- Immune compartments at the brain's borders in health and neurovascular diseases.Seminars in immunopathology · 2023Review
- Evaluating diploic vein blood flow using time-resolved whole-head computed tomography angiography and determining the positional relationship between typical craniotomy approaches and diploic veins in patients with meningioma.Acta neurochirurgica · 2022Article
- Molecular trans-dural efflux to skull bone marrow in humans with CSF disorders.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2022Article
- Hyperintense areas in the cisternal segments of the cranial nerves: a magnetic resonance imaging study.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2022Article
- Magnetic resonance cisternography imaging findings related to the leakage of Gadolinium into the subarachnoid space.Japanese journal of radiology · 2021Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of human skull diploic venous anatomy.Surgical neurology international · 2021Article
- Article
- Review
- Pile driving into the skull and suspending the bridging veins? An undescribed role of arachnoid granulations.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2017Article
- Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid drainage through the diploic and spinal epidural veins.Journal of anatomy · 2015Article
- Evaluation of the Production and Absorption of Cerebrospinal Fluid.Neurologia medico-chirurgica · 2015Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeStudies have suggested that arachnoid villi or granulations found in the walls of the cranial dural sinuses, olfactory mucosa, and cranial nerve sheaths function as outlets for intracranial CSF. However, their role as CSF outlets has not yet been verified. Here we show that arachnoid protrusions and contiguous diploic veins provide an alternative drainage route for intracranial CSF. MATERIALS AND
methodsFour hundred patients with intact skull, dura mater, and dural sinuses underwent MR imaging to explore arachnoids protruding into the skull and diploic veins. Patients with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure or intracranial hypotension were excluded. For 15 patients undergoing craniotomy, both peripheral and diploic venous blood was collected. Albumin and the CSF-specific biomarkers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
resultsWith MR imaging, arachnoid protrusions into the skull and contiguous diploic veins were consistently identified throughout the cranium with their characteristic appearance depending on the cranial region. In addition, elevated amounts of prostaglandin D synthase and cystatin C were confirmed in diploic veins compared with peripheral venous blood.
conclusionsDiploic veins are distributed ubiquitously throughout the cranium. A portion of the intracranial CSF may be drained through arachnoid protrusions and contiguous diploic veins.
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