SynthesisBMC psychiatry2014
The association between internet addiction and psychiatric co-morbidity: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC psychiatry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 216 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
216 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 589 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between internet addiction and psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis.BMC psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Longitudinal associations between digital media use and ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Psychological treatments for excessive gaming: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Structural gray matter differences in Problematic Usage of the Internet: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- The association between parent-child relationship and problematic internet use among English- and Chinese-language studies: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Internet Addiction Effect on Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence of Internet Addiction and Gaming Disorders in Southeast Asia: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- The Global Prevalence of Anxiety Among Medical Students: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- School-based Prevention for Adolescent Internet Addiction: Prevention is the Key. A Systematic Literature Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2019Pooled it
- The association between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and internet addiction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2017Pooled it
- A systematic review of reviews on the prevalence of anxiety disorders in adult populations.Brain and behavior · 2016Pooled it
- Game-Based Social-Emotional Learning for Youth: School-Based Qualitative Analysis ofJMIR formative research · 2025Trial
- Pathological Internet Use-An Important Comorbidity in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Prevalence and Correlation Patterns in a Naturalistic Sample of Adolescent Inpatients.BioMed research international · 2018Trial
- Association between problematic internet use and depressive symptoms among individuals at high-risk of cannabis use disorder: a cross-sectional study in Quebec (Canada).Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
- Psychological determinants and coping mechanisms associated with internet addiction disorder among university students in Bhubaneswar, India.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Non-suicidal self-injury ideation among Chinese secondary vocational and junior college students: a latent profile analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Internet Addiction and it's Relationship with Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Medical Students at Faridabad, Haryana.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2026Article
- Analyze the Potential Benefits of Nature-Based Filming for Young People.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2026Article
- Network analysis of comorbid internet addiction, anxiety, and depression symptoms among Chinese junior high school students.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Comorbidity of internet gaming disorder and anxiety in first-year Chinese university students: the mediating role of behavioral inhibition and activation systems.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
156 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study evaluates the association between Internal Addiction (IA) and psychiatric co-morbidity in the literature.
methodsMeta-analyses were conducted on cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies which examined the relationship between IA and psychiatric co-morbidity. Selected studies were extracted from major online databases. The inclusion criteria are as follows: 1) studies conducted on human subjects; 2) IA and psychiatric co-morbidity were assessed by standardised questionnaires; and 3) availability of adequate information to calculate the effect size. Random-effects models were used to calculate the aggregate prevalence and the pooled odds ratios (OR).
resultsEight studies comprising 1641 patients suffering from IA and 11210 controls were included. Our analyses demonstrated a significant and positive association between IA and alcohol abuse (OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 2.14-4.37, z = 6.12, P < 0.001), attention deficit and hyperactivity (OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 2.15-3.77, z = 7.27, P < 0.001), depression (OR = 2.77, 95% CI = 2.04-3.75, z = 6.55, P < 0.001) and anxiety (OR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.46-4.97, z = 3.18, P = 0.001).
conclusionsIA is significantly associated with alcohol abuse, attention deficit and hyperactivity, depression and anxiety.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.