Observational studyThe Journal of investigative dermatology2014
Innate immune cell-produced IL-17 sustains inflammation in bullous pemphigoid.
Observational study in The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the role of interleukin-17 inhibitors in bullous pemphigoid: therapeutic and paradoxical effects.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Drug-Induced Pemphigoid.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2020Pooled it
- Serum Biomarkers in Bullous Pemphigoid: A Systematic Review.Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgeryPooled it
- Mucosal Involvement in Bullous Pemphigoid Is Mostly Associated with Disease Severity and to Absence of Anti-BP230 Autoantibody.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- [New treatment options for autoimmune bullous diseases].Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Cutaneous Adverse Reactions to IL-17 and IL-23 Inhibitors: A Clinical Review of Reaction Patterns.Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2026Review
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases: Therapeutic Update.Drugs · 2026Review
- Glucocorticoids Combined with Methotrexate in the Treatment of Psoriasis Merged with Bullous Pemphigoid: A Case Report and Literature Review.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Regulatory T cells in bullous pemphigoid: biological characteristics, dysfunction, and pathogenic roles.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Matrix Metalloproteinases in Inflammatory Dermatoses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Autoimmune bullous diseases: pathogenesis and clinical management.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Bullous pemphigoid treated with baricitinib as steroid-sparing therapy for a patient with uncontrolled diabetes.JAAD case reports · 2025Article
- Bullous pemphigoid.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Recent advances in the genetics and innate immune cells of bullous pemphigoid.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Systemic dysregulation of the gut microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of inflammatory bowel disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- JAK-STAT pathway, type I/II cytokines, and new potential therapeutic strategy for autoimmune bullous diseases: update on pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Case report: Bullous pemphigoid combined with Sjögren's syndrome complicated by central nervous system infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Treatment and molecular analysis of bullous pemphigoid with tofacitinib: a case report and review of current literature.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Eosinophils, Basophils, and Neutrophils in Bullous Pemphigoid.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- The cytokine milieu of bullous pemphigoid: Current and novel therapeutic targets.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune skin disease characterized by the binding of autoantibodies to components of the hemidesmosome structure, resulting in an inflammatory response and subepidermal blister formation. To investigate the role of immune orientation in the inflammatory processes associated with disease progression, blister fluid, serum, and biopsy specimens were collected from 31 consecutive BP patients. Blister fluids displayed high levels of IL-6, IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23, whereas transforming growth factor-β was increased in BP sera. However, neither immunocytochemistry on a trans-differentiation model of IL-17-producing peripheral blood mononuclear cells nor immunohistochemistry on BP biopsy specimens could demonstrate the presence of T helper type 17 lymphocytes. Instead, innate immune cells, especially neutrophils, produced IL-17 at the skin lesional site. Of note, superpotent topical corticosteroid application quickly and markedly reduced both IL-17 expression and clinical signs of BP. Consistently, IL-17 upregulated matrix-metalloprotease-9 and neutrophil elastase expression, two proteases involved in blister formation, thereof further demonstrating its role in the progress of BP. Finally, IL-17-induced matrix degradation, originated from neutrophil activation, initiated the formation of an amplification loop of the inflammatory response that could represent the underlying phenomenon leading to the maintenance and even disease extent. Thus, our results could open new therapeutic strategies for BP patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.