ArticleIntelligence2014
Molecular genetic contributions to socioeconomic status and intelligence.
Article in Intelligence, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in Two Population-Based Cohorts.The American journal of psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies of cognitive abilities.Molecular psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Independent evidence for an association between general cognitive ability and a genetic locus for educational attainment.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2015Pooled it
- Genetic contributions to variation in general cognitive function: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in the CHARGE consortium (N=53949).Molecular psychiatry · 2015Pooled it
- Common genetic variants associated with cognitive performance identified using the proxy-phenotype method.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Pooled it
- Measuring reading and language skill in generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Social exclusion as a major outcome domain of psychotic disorders: early predictors, and associations with non-recovery and clinical staging 21 years after a first episode of psychosis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Observational
- Socioeconomic status, personality, and major mental disorders: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- The bidirectional effects between cognitive ability and brain morphology: A life course Mendelian randomization analysis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- A Longitudinal Analysis of Gene x Environment Interaction on Verbal Intelligence Across Adolescence and Early Adulthood.Behavior genetics · 2023Article
- Social inequalities in child development: the role of differential exposure and susceptibility to stressful family conditions.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2023Article
- The association of obesity-related traits on COVID-19 severity and hospitalization is affected by socio-economic status: a multivariable Mendelian randomization study.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Genetic Risk for Smoking: Disentangling Interplay Between Genes and Socioeconomic Status.Behavior genetics · 2022Article
- Blood-based epigenome-wide analyses of cognitive abilities.Genome biology · 2022Article
- Is genetic liability to ADHD and ASD causally linked to educational attainment?International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Genetic variation, brain, and intelligence differences.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Review
- Pathfinder: a gamified measure to integrate general cognitive ability into the biological, medical, and behavioural sciences.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Article
- The role of the shared environment in college attainment: An adoption study.Journal of personality · 2021Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Education, socioeconomic status, and intelligence are commonly used as predictors of health outcomes, social environment, and mortality. Education and socioeconomic status are typically viewed as environmental variables although both correlate with intelligence, which has a substantial genetic basis. Using data from 6815 unrelated subjects from the Generation Scotland study, we examined the genetic contributions to these variables and their genetic correlations. Subjects underwent genome-wide testing for common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). DNA-derived heritability estimates and genetic correlations were calculated using the 'Genome-wide Complex Trait Analyses' (GCTA) procedures. 21% of the variation in education, 18% of the variation in socioeconomic status, and 29% of the variation in general cognitive ability was explained by variation in common SNPs (SEs ~ 5%). The SNP-based genetic correlations of education and socioeconomic status with general intelligence were 0.95 (SE 0.13) and 0.26 (0.16), respectively. There are genetic contributions to intelligence and education with near-complete overlap between common additive SNP effects on these traits (genetic correlation ~ 1). Genetic influences on socioeconomic status are also associated with the genetic foundations of intelligence. The results are also compatible with substantial environmental contributions to socioeconomic status.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.