Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24943475›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2014

Sex and age differences in the association of depression with obstructive coronary artery disease and adverse cardiovascular events.

Amit J Shah, Nima Ghasemzadeh, Elisa Zaragoza-Macias, Riyaz Patel, Danny J Eapen, Ian J Neeland, Pratik M Pimple, A Maziar Zafari, Arshed A Quyyumi, Viola Vaccarino

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
73citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
7.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

73 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Observational
  7. Endocrine enigmas: vascular health in females throughout the lifespan.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2025
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Stress and cardiovascular disease: an update.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2024
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Depression Following Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2023
    Review

13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Amit J ShahDepartment of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.J.S., P.M.P., V.V.) Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.J.S., N.G., D.J.E., M.Z., A.A.Q., V.V.) Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA (A.J.S., M.Z.).
Nima GhasemzadehDepartment of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.J.S., N.G., D.J.E., M.Z., A.A.Q., V.V.).
Elisa Zaragoza-MaciasDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (E.Z.M.).
Riyaz PatelUniversity College, London, UK (R.P.).
Danny J EapenDepartment of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.J.S., N.G., D.J.E., M.Z., A.A.Q., V.V.).
Ian J NeelandDepartment of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX (I.J.N.).
Pratik M PimpleDepartment of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.J.S., P.M.P., V.V.).
A Maziar ZafariDepartment of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.J.S., N.G., D.J.E., M.Z., A.A.Q., V.V.) Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA (A.J.S., M.Z.).
Arshed A QuyyumiDepartment of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.J.S., N.G., D.J.E., M.Z., A.A.Q., V.V.).
Viola VaccarinoDepartment of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.J.S., P.M.P., V.V.) Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.J.S., N.G., D.J.E., M.Z., A.A.Q., V.V.).
Emory University · USThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center · USUniversity College London · GBUniversity of Washington · USVeterans Health Administration · US

Funding

Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute (ACTSI) RenewalUL1TR000454 · NCATS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI STEPHENS, DAVID S · 2012 to 2016
$25.8M
Vascular Responses During Mental StressP01HL101398 · NHLBI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI BREMNER, JAMES DOUGLAS · 2010 to 2015
$11.0M
Mental Stress and Myocardial Ischemia after MI: Sex Differences, Mechanisms and PrognosisR01HL109413 · NHLBI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI VACCARINO, VIOLA · 2012 to 2023
$6.9M
Mechanisms Linking Depression to Cardiovascular RiskR01HL068630 · NHLBI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI VACCARINO, VIOLA · 2001 to 2010
$4.8M
Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute (ACTSI) RenewalKL2TR000455 · NCATS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI STEPHENS, DAVID S · 2012 to 2016
$2.9M
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Cardiovascular DiseaseR01AG026255 · NIA · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI VACCARINO, VIOLA · 2004 to 2007
$2.8M
Mind-Body Interactions in Cardiovascular DiseaseK24HL077506 · NHLBI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI VACCARINO, VIOLA · 2004 to 2013
$1.5M
Sex Differences in Myocardial Ischemia Triggered by Emotional Factors after MIR21HL093665 · NHLBI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI VACCARINO, VIOLA · 2009 to 2010
$718k
NCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR000455NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000454NHLBI NIH HHS 2K24 HL077506NHLBI NIH HHS 2R01 HL68630NHLBI NIH HHS K24 HL077506NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL101398NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL068630NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL109413NHLBI NIH HHS R21 HL093665NHLBI NIH HHS R21 HL093665-01A1S1NIA NIH HHS R01 AG026255
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundYoung women with coronary heart disease have high rates of depression and a higher risk of adverse events than men of similar age. Whether depression has a higher prognostic value in this group than in men and older women is not known. Our objective was to assess whether depression in young women is associated with higher risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and adverse outcomes compared with similarly aged men and older women. METHODS AND

resultsWe examined 3237 patients undergoing coronary angiography for evaluation of CAD and followed them for 2.9 years (median). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, and CAD burden was dichotomized based on its presence or absence. After multivariable adjustment for CAD risk factors, depressive symptoms predicted CAD presence in women aged ≤ 55 years (odds ratio=1.07 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02 to 1.13 per 1 point increase in PHQ-9 score), but not in men aged ≤ 55 years or women aged >55 years. Depressive symptoms also predicted increased risk of death in women aged ≤ 55 years (adjusted hazard ratio=1.07, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.14, per 1 point increase in PHQ-9 score), but not in men aged ≤ 55 years and women aged >55 years, with P=0.02 for the depression-sex interaction and P=0.02 for depression-sex-age interaction.

conclusionsAmong patients with suspected or established CAD, depressive symptoms are associated with increased risk of death, particularly in young women. This group may be especially vulnerable to the adverse cardiovascular effects of depression.

Indexed as

AgedAge FactorsCoronary Artery DiseaseDepressionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSex FactorsSurveys and Questionnairescoronary artery diseasedepressionsex differences

Identifiers

PMID24943475
PMCPMC4309058
OpenAlexW2125056899

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.