ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2014
Radiation-induced autophagy potentiates immunotherapy of cancer via up-regulation of mannose 6-phosphate receptor on tumor cells in mice.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Improved survival outcome with not-delayed radiotherapy and immediate PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor for non-small-cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Concurrent versus non-concurrent immune checkpoint inhibition with stereotactic radiosurgery for metastatic brain disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2019Pooled it
- Cell death and immune escape in the tumor microenvironment: associated mechanisms, opportunities and challenges.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Pilot Investigation on Markers of Bone Metabolism, Angiogenesis, and Neuroendocrine Activity as Potential Predictors of Survival of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients with Bone Metastases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Autophagy in tumor immune escape and immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer: Molecular mechanisms, tumor microenvironment, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Dissecting the multifaceted roles of autophagy in cancer initiation, growth, and metastasis: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic applications.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- The dual role of autophagy in the regulation of cancer treatment.Amino acids · 2024Review
- Ferroptosis, autophagy, tumor and immunity.Heliyon · 2023Review
- Optimal timing and sequence of combining stereotactic radiosurgery with immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating brain metastases: clinical evidence and mechanistic basis.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Review
- Mechanisms driving the immunoregulatory function of cancer cells.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2023Review
- Molecular mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Review
- Autophagy in Cancer Immunotherapy.Cells · 2022Review
- From Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis to Colorectal Cancer: Autophagy Regulation in Cellular Stress.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Relationship between stromal regulatory T cells and the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.Surgery today · 2022Article
- Role of autophagy on cancer immune escape.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2021Review
- Integration of machine learning and genome-scale metabolic modeling identifies multi-omics biomarkers for radiation resistance.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Pyroptosis: mechanisms and diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2021Review
- Real world outcomes of combination and timing of immunotherapy with radiotherapy for melanoma with brain metastases.Cancer medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is a significant body of evidence demonstrating that radiation therapy (XRT) enhances the effect of immune therapy. However, the precise mechanisms by which XRT potentiates the immunotherapy of cancer remain elusive. Here, we report that XRT potentiates the effect of immune therapy via induction of autophagy and resultant trafficking of mannose-6-phopsphate receptor (MPR) to the cell surface. Irradiation of different tumor cells caused substantial up-regulation of MPR on the cell surface in vitro and in vivo. Down-regulation of MPR in tumor cells with shRNA completely abrogated the combined effect of XRT and immunotherapy (CTLA4 antibody) in B16F10-bearing mice without changes in the tumor-specific responses of T cells. Radiation-induced MPR up-regulation was the result of redistribution of the receptor to the cell surface. This effect was caused by autophagy with redirection of MPR to autophagosomes in a clathrin-dependent manner. In autophagosomes, MPR lost its natural ligands, which resulted in subsequent trafficking of empty receptor(s) back to the surface. Together, our data demonstrated a novel mechanism by which XRT can enhance the effect of immunotherapy and the molecular mechanism of this process.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.