ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2014
Human Th2 but not Th9 cells release IL-31 in a STAT6/NF-κB-dependent way.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- IL-31 Inhibition as a Therapeutic Approach for the Management of Chronic Pruritic Dermatoses.Drugs · 2021Pooled it
- IL-33/IL-31 Axis in Immune-Mediated and Allergic Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Pooled it
- Construction of genetically modified lactic acid bacteria producing an Anti-Interleukin-31 receptor A Single-chain variable fragment.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Comprehensive analysis of coagulation-associated gene signature in bladder cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and immunotherapy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Osthole ameliorates chronic pruritus in 2,4-dichloronitrobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis by inhibiting IL-31 production.Chinese herbal medicines · 2025Article
- Cooperative Hedgehog/GLI and JAK/STAT signaling drives immunosuppressive tryptophan/kynurenine metabolism via synergistic induction of IDO1 in skin cancer.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Alarmins in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Immunological Insights and Therapeutic Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Spatial Mass Cytometry-Based Single-Cell Imaging Reveals a Disrupted Epithelial-Immune Axis in Prurigo Nodularis.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2024Article
- Review
- Interleukin (IL)-23, IL-31, and IL-33 Play a Role in the Course of Autoimmune Endocrine Diseases.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2024Article
- Microbiota and IL-33/31 Axis Linkage: Implications and Therapeutic Perspectives in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- The Trinity of Skin: Skin Homeostasis as a Neuro-Endocrine-Immune Organ.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Interrelationship and Sequencing of Interleukins4, 13, 31, and 33 - An Integrated Systematic Review: Dermatological and Multidisciplinary Perspectives.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Review
- Safety and Danger Considerations of Novel Treatments for Atopic Dermatitis in Context of Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- EGFR-HIF1α signaling positively regulates the differentiation of IL-9 producing T helper cells.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Production of IL-31 in CD45ROJournal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Long non-coding RNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 promotes activation of T helper 2 cells via inhibiting STAT6 ubiquitination.Human cell · 2021Article
- Interleukin-31 and Pruritic Skin.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- The Protective Effects of IL-31RA Deficiency During Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Interleukin-31, a Potent Pruritus-Inducing Cytokine and Its Role in Inflammatory Disease and in the Tumor Microenvironment.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
IL-31, a member of the IL-6 protein family, is one of the latest additions to the list of T cell-derived cytokines. Th2 cells are regarded as a main source of IL-31, which is produced in response to stimulation by IL-4. Because the development of Th9 cells also requires IL-4 as a polarizing cytokine, the current study investigates IL-31 production in human Th9 cells compared with Th2 cells. We found that, although Th9 cells were able to release IL-31 during the first weeks of in vitro polarization, no IL-31 was detected in Th9 cultures after a final restimulation in the absence of polarizing cytokines. We further show that TGF-β, which is required to obtain Th9 cells in vitro, potently inhibits the release of IL-31 from Th2 cells, whereas IL-33, a cytokine associated with Th2-mediated inflammation, synergizes with IL-4 in inducing IL-31 secretion. To analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of IL-31, EMSAs, reporter gene assays, and small interfering RNA-based silencing experiments were carried out. We show that STAT6 and NF-κB are central players in mediating IL-31 expression induced by IL-4/IL-33. In addition, we identified a novel NF-κB-binding element within the Il31 promoter that mediates the enhancing effects of IL-33 on IL-4/STAT6-induced IL-31 expression in human Th2 cells. Taken together, this study shows that IL-4 is essential for the production of IL-31, whereas TGF-β significantly suppresses IL-31 expression at the mRNA and protein levels. As a consequence, in vitro polarized Th2 cells, but not Th9 cells, are able to release IL-31.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.