ArticleInvestigative radiology2014
Analytical interference in serum iron determination reveals iron versus gadolinium transmetallation with linear gadolinium-based contrast agents.
Article in Investigative radiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Iron biomarkers in men with infertility are associated with sperm DNA hydroxymethylation and cumulative live birth rates: a prospective study.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- A Review of the Current Evidence on Gadolinium Deposition in the Brain.Clinical neuroradiology · 2018Review
- Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent-Related Toxicities.CNS drugs · 2018Review
- Analytical Interference by Contrast Agents in Biochemical Assays.Contrast media & molecular imaging · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe purposes of this study were to evaluate the risk for analytical interference with gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) for the colorimetric measurement of serum iron (Fe³⁺) and to investigate the mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND
methodsRat serum was spiked with several concentrations of all molecular categories of GBCAs, ligands, or "free" soluble gadolinium (Gd³⁺). Serum iron concentration was determined by 2 different colorimetric methods at pH 4.0 (with a Vitros DT60 analyzer or a Cobas Integra 400 analyzer). Secondly, the cause of interference was investigated by (a) adding free soluble Gd³⁺ or Mn²⁺ to serum in the presence of gadobenic acid or gadodiamide and (b) electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
resultsSpurious decrease in serum Fe³⁺ concentration was observed with all linear GBCAs (only with the Vitros DT60 technique occurring at pH 4.0) but not with macrocyclic GBCAs or with free soluble Gd³⁺. Spurious hyposideremia was also observed with the free ligands present in the pharmaceutical solutions of the linear GBCAs gadopentetic acid and gadodiamide (ie, diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid and calcium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid bismethylamide, respectively), suggesting the formation of Fe-ligand chelate.Gadobenic acid-induced interference was blocked in a concentration-dependent fashion by adding a free soluble Gd³⁺ salt. Conversely, Mn²⁺, which has a lower affinity than Gd³⁺ and Fe³⁺ for the ligand of gadobenic acid (ie, benzyloxypropionic diethylenetriamine tetraacetic acid), was less effective (interference was only partially blocked), suggesting an Fe³⁺ versus Gd³⁺ transmetallation phenomenon at pH 4.0. Similar results were observed with gadodiamide. Mass spectrometry detected the formation of Fe-ligand with all linear GBCAs tested in the presence of Fe and the disappearance of Fe-ligand after the addition of free soluble Gd³⁺. No Fe-ligand chelate was found in the case of the macrocyclic GBCA gadoteric acid.
conclusionsMacrocyclic GBCAs induced no interference with colorimetric methods for iron determination, whereas negative interference was observed with linear GBCAs using a Vitros DT60 analyzer. This interference of linear GBCAs seems to be caused by the excess of ligand and/or an Fe³⁺ versus Gd³⁺ transmetallation phenomenon.
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