ReviewWound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society
Clinical application of growth factors and cytokines in wound healing.
Review in Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 245 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
245 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Topical metformin in wound healing: a comprehensive systematic review of therapeutic outcomes.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of platelet-rich plasma vs standard management for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer wounds: A meta-analysis.International wound journal · 2023Pooled it
- Oncologic feasibility for negative pressure wound therapy application in surgical wounds: A meta-analysis.International wound journal · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of small extracellular vesicle interventions in wound healing and skin regeneration: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies.Theranostics · 2022Pooled it
- Recombinant Pure PDGF Improves Aesthetic Results and Patient Satisfaction Following RF Microneedling: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Trial
- A purified reconstituted bilayer matrix shows improved outcomes in treatment of non-healing diabetic foot ulcers when compared to the standard of care: Final results and analysis of a prospective, randomized, controlled, multi-centre clinical trial.International wound journal · 2024Trial
- Topical Esmolol Hydrochloride as a Novel Treatment Modality for Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Article
- Cutaneous endothelial cells and their roles in wound healing.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2026Review
- Drug-Loaded Red Blood Cell-Derived Carriers for Targeted Delivery to Accelerate Tissue Regeneration.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Force-responsive biomaterials drive tissue repair by harnessing endogenous growth factors.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Article
- Loss of tissue-state plasticity: a conceptual framework for age-associated regenerative failure.Inflammation and regeneration · 2026Review
- Advanced Functional Wound Dressings in Precision Surgery: Immunometabolic Reprogramming, Bioadaptive Biomaterials, and Intelligent Regenerative Interfaces.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From Clinical Practice to Basic Science, in Search for the Ideal Implantable Bioreactor: A Review on MFAT (Micro-Fragmented Adipose Tissue-LipogemsInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Investigating the Cellular and Tissue Response to Herbal Glucose/Cellulose-based Mesoporous Graphene Frameworks in a Rat Diabetic Wounds Model.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
- Creating Engineered NAC Flaps Using in Vivo Revascularization: A Proof-Of-Concept Study.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Article
- Smad7-based biologic targeting epidermis and stroma promotes healing of diabetic wounds in mice and pigs.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterial-Based Biosensor Structures for Wound Care: pH, ROS, and Temperature Sensing Strategies.Micromachines · 2026Review
- Stromal-Derived Factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12) and Skin Wound Healing Research at the Intersection Between Regenerative Biology and Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
185 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex and dynamic biological process that involves the coordinated efforts of multiple cell types and is executed and regulated by numerous growth factors and cytokines. There has been a drive in the past two decades to study the therapeutic effects of various growth factors in the clinical management of nonhealing wounds (e.g., pressure ulcers, chronic venous ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers). For this review, we conducted an online search of Medline/PubMed and critically analyzed the literature regarding the role of growth factors and cytokines in the management of these wounds. We focused on currently approved therapies, emerging therapies, and future research possibilities. In this review, we discuss four growth factors and cytokines currently being used on and off label for the healing of wounds. These include granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, platelet-derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor. While the clinical results of using growth factors and cytokines are encouraging, many studies involved a small sample size and are disparate in measured endpoints. Therefore, further research is required to provide definitive evidence of efficacy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.