ArticlePloS one2014
ClinicalCodes: an online clinical codes repository to improve the validity and reproducibility of research using electronic medical records.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review to Summarize and Critically Appraise Existing Phenotype Libraries Using Electronic Health Records.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Pooled it
- The REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely-collected health Data (RECORD) statement.PLoS medicine · 2015Guideline
- Usual blood pressure, peripheral arterial disease, and vascular risk: cohort study of 4.2 million adults.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2015Pooled it
- Risk Factor Control and Cardiovascular Event Risk in People With Type 2 Diabetes in Primary and Secondary Prevention Settings.Circulation · 2020Trial
- Development of phenotype algorithms for the detection of adverse events in electronic health record data: a multicentre study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Effects of the Liverpool Citizens Support Scheme on mental health-related service utilisation: evidence from a natural experiment using instrumental variable analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Application of explainable artificial intelligence integrating with electronic health record in oncology.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2026Review
- Ethnic disparities in opioid prescribing for cancer pain and associated emergency department visits and hospital admissions in the last three months of life: a retrospective cohort study.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Prevalence trends and risk factors for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma and eczema in the UK.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2025Article
- The impacts of Liverpool Citizen's Advice on Prescription (CAP) on mental health outcomes- an Instrumental Variable (IV) approach.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- An automation framework for clinical codelist development validated with UK data from patients with multiple long-term conditions.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- The challenges of replication: A worked example of methods reproducibility using electronic health record data.PloS one · 2025Article
- Systematic Review and Development of Recommended Code Lists to Identify Smoking and Vaping Status in Electronic Health Records (EHR).Clinical epidemiology · 2025Review
- Foundational model aided automatic high-throughput drug screening using self-controlled cohort study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Creating a next-generation phenotype library: the health data research UK Phenotype Library.JAMIA open · 2024Article
- OpenSAFELY: A platform for analysing electronic health records designed for reproducible research.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2024Article
- Article
- Long-term healthcare utilization and costs of babies born after assisted reproductive technologies (ART): a record linkage study with 10-years' follow-up in England.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Common Cancer Types and Risk of Stroke and Bleeding in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Population-Based Study in England.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Data saves lives: optimising routinely collected clinical data for rare disease research.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2023Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Lists of clinical codes are the foundation for research undertaken using electronic medical records (EMRs). If clinical code lists are not available, reviewers are unable to determine the validity of research, full study replication is impossible, researchers are unable to make effective comparisons between studies, and the construction of new code lists is subject to much duplication of effort. Despite this, the publication of clinical codes is rarely if ever a requirement for obtaining grants, validating protocols, or publishing research. In a representative sample of 450 EMR primary research articles indexed on PubMed, we found that only 19 (5.1%) were accompanied by a full set of published clinical codes and 32 (8.6%) stated that code lists were available on request. To help address these problems, we have built an online repository where researchers using EMRs can upload and download lists of clinical codes. The repository will enable clinical researchers to better validate EMR studies, build on previous code lists and compare disease definitions across studies. It will also assist health informaticians in replicating database studies, tracking changes in disease definitions or clinical coding practice through time and sharing clinical code information across platforms and data sources as research objects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.