ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2014
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-infected cells secrete exosomes that contain Tax protein.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 163 citations in OpenAlex.
- HTLV-1-Derived Exosomes Drive Transcriptional Reprogramming of Monocytes Toward a Mixed M1/M2 Phenotype in HAM/TSP.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Unmasking HAM/TSP: understanding HTLV-1-driven neurological disease.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Review
- Exosomal nanocarriers of immune fate: molecular insights into cancer immunity, pathogen defense, and emerging immunotherapies.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in viral disease management.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Review
- Inhibitors of Tax1-PDZ Interactions Block HTLV-1 Viral Transmission by Changing EV Composition.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- HTLV-1-infected cells drive the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages in vitro.BMC immunology · 2025Article
- Harnessing the power of exosomes for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of hematological malignancies.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Exosomes: intriguing mediators of intercellular communication in the organism's response to noxious agents.Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 2024Review
- A State-of-the-Art Review on the Recent Advances in Exosomes in Oncogenic Virus.Health science reports · 2024Article
- HTLV-1 infected T cells cause bone loss via small extracellular vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Peculiar transcriptional reprogramming with functional impairment of dendritic cells upon exposure to transformed HTLV-1-infected cells.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Oncoviral Infections and Small Extracellular Vesicles.Viruses · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicle isolation methods identify distinct HIV-1 particles released from chronically infected T-cells.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Dissemination of the Flavivirus Subgenomic Replicon Genome and Viral Proteins by Extracellular Vesicles.Viruses · 2024Article
- Species-Specific Transcription Factors Associated with Long Terminal Repeat Promoters of Endogenous Retroviruses: A Comprehensive Review.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Purification Method of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1-Infected Cells without Virions.Viruses · 2024Article
- Intercellular Transport of Viral Proteins.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2024Review
- Tumour‑derived exosomes and their emerging roles in leukaemia (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Review
- Extracellular Vesicles and Viruses: Two Intertwined Entities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. The HTLV-1 transactivator protein Tax controls many critical cellular pathways, including host cell DNA damage response mechanisms, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Extracellular vesicles called exosomes play critical roles during pathogenic viral infections as delivery vehicles for host and viral components, including proteins, mRNA, and microRNA. We hypothesized that exosomes derived from HTLV-1-infected cells contain unique host and viral proteins that may contribute to HTLV-1-induced pathogenesis. We found exosomes derived from infected cells to contain Tax protein and proinflammatory mediators as well as viral mRNA transcripts, including Tax, HBZ, and Env. Furthermore, we observed that exosomes released from HTLV-1-infected Tax-expressing cells contributed to enhanced survival of exosome-recipient cells when treated with Fas antibody. This survival was cFLIP-dependent, with Tax showing induction of NF-κB in exosome-recipient cells. Finally, IL-2-dependent CTLL-2 cells that received Tax-containing exosomes were protected from apoptosis through activation of AKT. Similar experiments with primary cultures showed protection and survival of peripheral blood mononuclear cells even in the absence of phytohemagglutinin/IL-2. Surviving cells contained more phosphorylated Rb, consistent with the role of Tax in regulation of the cell cycle. Collectively, these results suggest that exosomes may play an important role in extracellular delivery of functional HTLV-1 proteins and mRNA to recipient cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.