ArticleJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology
Renal tubular dysfunction increases mortality in the Japanese general population living in cadmium non-polluted areas.
Article in Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between cadmium exposure and renal cancer risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies.Scientific reports · 2015Pooled it
- Article
- Toxicity Tolerance in the Carcinogenesis of Environmental Cadmium.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The ratio and difference of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio and albumin-to-creatinine ratio facilitate risk prediction of all-cause mortality.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Dietary Cadmium Intake and Its Effects on Kidneys.Toxics · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish the cause-effect relationship between renal tubular dysfunction and mortality. A 19-year cohort study was conducted in 900 men and 1313 women in 1993 or 1994 who lived in two cadmium non-polluted areas in Japan. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of urinary β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG) for mortality were calculated using a proportional hazard regression. Forward stepwise model selection was applied to the potential covariates such as age, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, various lifestyle factors and present illness. Simultaneously, the dose-effect relationship between renal tubular markers and urinary cadmium at baseline was evaluated using multiple regression analyses. In men, HR was significant for β2-MG (HR corresponding to an increase of 100 μg/g cre: 1.02) and NAG (HR corresponding to an increase of 1 IU/g cre: 1.05). In women, a significant HR was observed for β2-MG (HR corresponding to an increase of 100 μg/g cre: 1.01) and NAG (HR corresponding to an increase of 1 IU/g cre: 1.02). Dose-effect relationships were significant for urinary cadmium and all renal tubular markers in men and women. The present study indicated that renal tubular dysfunction was significantly related to mortality in the general population of cadmium non-polluted areas in Japan.
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Registered trials
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