Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24938302›Full record

SynthesisBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2014

Vitamin D and mortality: meta-analysis of individual participant data from a large consortium of cohort studies from Europe and the United States.

Ben Schöttker, Rolf Jorde, Anne Peasey, Barbara Thorand, Eugène H J M Jansen, Lisette de Groot, Martinette Streppel, Julian Gardiner, José Manuèl Ordóñez-Mena, Laura Perna and 18 more

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 183 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
183citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

183 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  5. Guideline
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  8. Vitamin D Status and Mortality: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019
    Pooled it
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  12. Guideline
  13. Trial
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123 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

28 authors.

Ben SchöttkerDivision of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany b.schoettker@dkfz.de.
Rolf JordeTromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø (UiT) the Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway.
Anne PeaseyDepartment Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Barbara ThorandInstitute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Eugène H J M JansenLaboratory for Health Protection Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands.
Lisette de GrootDivision of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands.
Martinette StreppelDivision of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands.
Julian GardinerDepartment Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
José Manuèl Ordóñez-MenaDivision of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany Network Aging Research (NAR), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Laura PernaDivision of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Tom WilsgaardEpidemiology of Chronic Diseases Research Group, Department of community medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
Wolfgang RathmannGerman Diabetes Center, Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Edith FeskensDivision of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands.
Ellen KampmanDivision of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands.
Galatios SiganosEpidemiology of Chronic Diseases Research Group, Department of community medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
Inger NjølstadEpidemiology of Chronic Diseases Research Group, Department of community medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
Ellisiv Bøgeberg MathiesenBrain and Circulation Research Group, Department of clinical medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
Růžena KubínováNational Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.
Andrzej PająkJagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Health Sciences, Krakow, Poland.
Roman Topor-MadryJagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Health Sciences, Krakow, Poland.
Abdonas TamosiunasInstitute of Cardiology of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Maria HughesUKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
Frank KeeUKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
Martin BobakDepartment Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Antonia TrichopoulouHellenic Health Foundation, Kaisareias 13 & Alexandroupoleos, Athens 11527, Greece University of Athens, Medical School, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Mikras Asias 75 st, Athens 11527, Greece.
Paolo BoffettaHellenic Health Foundation, Kaisareias 13 & Alexandroupoleos, Athens 11527, Greece Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Hermann BrennerDivision of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Consortium on Health and Ageing: Network of Cohorts in Europe and the United States

Funding

Health disparities and agingin societies in transitionR01AG023522 · NIA · UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON · PI MARMOT, MICHAEL G · 2004 to 2008
$2.2M
Medical Research Council G0601463Medical Research Council MR/K023241/1NIA NIH HHS R01 AG23522-01Wellcome Trust 064947Wellcome Trust 081081
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (25(OH)D) and mortality in a large consortium of cohort studies paying particular attention to potential age, sex, season, and country differences.

designMeta-analysis of individual participant data of eight prospective cohort studies from Europe and the US.

settingGeneral population.

participants26,018 men and women aged 50-79 years.

main outcome measuresAll-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality.

results25(OH)D concentrations varied strongly by season (higher in summer), country (higher in US and northern Europe) and sex (higher in men), but no consistent trend with age was observed. During follow-up, 6695 study participants died, among whom 2624 died of cardiovascular diseases and 2227 died of cancer. For each cohort and analysis, 25(OH)D quintiles were defined with cohort and subgroup specific cut-off values. Comparing bottom versus top quintiles resulted in a pooled risk ratio of 1.57 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.81) for all-cause mortality. Risk ratios for cardiovascular mortality were similar in magnitude to that for all-cause mortality in subjects both with and without a history of cardiovascular disease at baseline. With respect to cancer mortality, an association was only observed among subjects with a history of cancer (risk ratio, 1.70 (1.00 to 2.88)). Analyses using all quintiles suggest curvilinear, inverse, dose-response curves for the aforementioned relationships. No strong age, sex, season, or country specific differences were detected. Heterogeneity was low in most meta-analyses.

conclusionsDespite levels of 25(OH)D strongly varying with country, sex, and season, the association between 25(OH)D level and all-cause and cause-specific mortality was remarkably consistent. Results from a long term randomised controlled trial addressing longevity are being awaited before vitamin D supplementation can be recommended in most individuals with low 25(OH)D levels.

Indexed as

AgedAge FactorsCardiovascular DiseasesCohort StudiesEuropeFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasmsSeasonsSex FactorsUnited StatesVitamin DVitamin D Deficiency25-hydroxyvitamin DVitamin D

Identifiers

PMID24938302
PMCPMC4061380

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.