ArticleJournal of inflammation (London, England)2014
Early effects of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm secreted products on inflammatory responses of human epithelial keratinocytes.
Article in Journal of inflammation (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synergistic tissue destruction byBiofilm · 2026Article
- Immune dysfunction during S. aureus biofilm-associated implant infections: opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Review
- Investigation ofMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Review
- The Influence of Microbiome Dysbiosis and Bacterial Biofilms on Epidermal Barrier Function in Atopic Dermatitis-An Update.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- GMI, an Immunomodulatory Peptide fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- A flexible multiplexed immunosensor for point-of-care in situ wound monitoring.Science advances · 2021Article
- The effects ofFEMS microbes · 2021Article
- AnFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Virulence factors and clonal diversity of Staphylococcus aureus in colonization and wound infection with emphasis on diabetic foot infection.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2020Review
- Article
- A Calm, Dispassionate Look at Skin Microbiota in Atopic Dermatitis: An Integrative Literature Review.Dermatology and therapy · 2020Review
- Microbiome of the Skin and Gut in Atopic Dermatitis (AD): Understanding the Pathophysiology and Finding Novel Management Strategies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Review
- Bioengineered Platforms for Chronic Wound Infection Studies: How Can We Make Them More Human-Relevant?Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2019Review
- Microscopy visualisation confirms multi-species biofilms are ubiquitous in diabetic foot ulcers.International wound journal · 2017Article
- Staphylococcal Biofilms in Atopic Dermatitis.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2017Review
- Article
- The Relationship of Bacterial Biofilms and Capsular Contracture in Breast Implants.Aesthetic surgery journal · 2016Review
- Effect of UV-photofunctionalization on oral bacterial attachment and biofilm formation to titanium implant material.Biomaterials · 2015Article
- Corrigendum: Bioengineered Platforms for Chronic Wound Infection Studies: How Can We Make Them More Human-Relevant?Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers, and venous leg ulcers contribute to a considerable amount of mortality in the U.S. annually. The inability of these wounds to heal has now been associated with the presence of microbial biofilms. The aim of this study was to determine if products secreted by S. aureus biofilms play an active role in chronic wounds by promoting inflammation, which is a hallmark of chronic wounds.
methodsIn vitro experiments were conducted to examine changes in gene expression profiles and inflammatory response of human epithelial keratinocytes (HEKa) exposed to products secreted by S. aureus grown in biofilms or products secreted by S. aureus grown planktonically.
resultsAfter only two hours of exposure, gene expression microarray data showed marked differences in inflammatory, apoptotic, and nitric oxide responses between HEKa cells exposed to S. aureus biofilm conditioned media (BCM) and HEKa cells exposed to S. aureus planktonic conditioned media (PCM). As early as 4 hours post exposure, ELISA results showed significant increases in IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, and CXCL2 production by HEKa cells exposed to BCM compared to HEKa cells exposed to PCM or controls. Nitric oxide assay data also showed significant increases in nitric oxide production by HEKa cells treated with BCM compared to HEKa cells treated with PCM, or controls.
conclusionsTaken together, these results support and extend previous findings that indicate products secreted by S. aureus biofilms directly contribute to the chronic inflammation associated with chronic wounds.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.