ArticleInfection and immunity2014
Endotoxin-induced endothelial fibrosis is dependent on expression of transforming growth factors β1 and β2.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Enteral Nutrition in Critical Care: Pathogenesis, Complications, and the Therapeutic Promise of Mediterranean-Style Diets.Current gastroenterology reports · 2025Review
- Characterization of the Temporal Dynamics of the Endothelial-Mesenchymal-like Transition Induced by Soluble Factors from Dengue Virus Infection in Microvascular Endothelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Effect of Dietary Supplements with ω-3 Fatty Acids, Ascorbic Acid, and Polyphenolic Antioxidant Flavonoid on Gene Expression, Organ Failure, and Mortality in Endotoxemia-Induced Septic Rats.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy Phenotype Induced by Oxidized High-Density Lipoprotein Associated with Increased Mortality in Septic-Shock Patients.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Oxidized High-Density Lipoprotein Induces Endothelial Fibrosis Promoting Hyperpermeability, Hypotension, and Increased Mortality.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Mechanisms of Post-critical Illness Cardiovascular Disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Increased Endotoxin Activity Is Associated with the Risk of Developing Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Ginsenoside Rg3 protects against iE-DAP-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition by regulating the miR-139-5p-NF-κB axis.Journal of ginseng research · 2020Article
- TRPM7 mediates kidney injury, endothelial hyperpermeability and mortality during endotoxemia.Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology · 2020Article
- Endothelial Cells Exhibit Two Waves of P-selectin Surface Aggregation Under Endotoxic and Oxidative Conditions.The protein journal · 2019Article
- Endotoxemia-induced endothelial fibrosis inhibition improves hypotension, tachycardia, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, cytokine response, oxidative stress, and survival.Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology · 2019Article
- OxHDL controls LOX-1 expression and plasma membrane localization through a mechanism dependent on NOX/ROS/NF-κB pathway on endothelial cells.Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology · 2019Article
- P311 Promotes Lung Fibrosis via Stimulation of Transforming Growth Factor-β1, -β2, and -β3 Translation.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2019Article
- CXCL9 promotes prostate cancer progression through inhibition of cytokines from T cells.Molecular medicine reports · 2018Article
- A Potential Link Between Oxidative Stress and Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Systemic Sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Endothelial fibrosis induced by suppressed STAT3 expression mediated by signaling involving the TGF-β1/ALK5/Smad pathway.Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology · 2017Article
- Neuronal Protein 3.1 Deficiency Leads to Reduced Cutaneous Scar Collagen Deposition and Tensile Strength due to Impaired Transforming Growth Factor-β1 to -β3 Translation.The American journal of pathology · 2017Article
- Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cell Death Induced by High-Glucose Hypertonic Solution Involves CaFrontiers in physiology · 2017Article
- Thrombin activation and liver inflammation in advanced hepatitis C virus infection.World journal of gastroenterology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During endotoxemia-induced inflammatory disease, bacterial endotoxins circulate in the bloodstream and interact with endothelial cells (ECs), inducing dysfunction of the ECs. We previously reported that endotoxins induce the conversion of ECs into activated fibroblasts. Through endotoxin-induced endothelial fibrosis, ECs change their morphology and their protein expression pattern, thereby suppressing endothelial markers and upregulating fibrotic proteins. The most commonly used fibrotic inducers are transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and TGF-β2. However, whether TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 participate in endotoxin-induced endothelial fibrosis remains unknown. We have shown that the endotoxin-induced endothelial fibrosis process is dependent on the TGF-β receptor, ALK5, and the activation of Smad3, a protein that is activated by ALK5 activation, thus suggesting that endotoxin elicits TGF-β production to mediate endotoxin-induced endothelial fibrosis. Therefore, we investigated the dependence of endotoxin-induced endothelial fibrosis on the expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2. Endotoxin-treated ECs induced the expression and secretion of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2. TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 downregulation inhibited the endotoxin-induced changes in the endothelial marker VE-cadherin and in the fibrotic proteins α-SMA and fibronectin. Thus, endotoxin induces the production of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 as a mechanism to promote endotoxin-induced endothelial fibrosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that endotoxin induces endothelial fibrosis via TGF-β secretion, which represents an emerging source of vascular dysfunction. These findings contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of endotoxin-induced endothelial fibrosis, which could be useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.