Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24935353›Full record

ReviewThe European journal of neuroscience2014

Neural and psychological mechanisms underlying compulsive drug seeking habits and drug memories--indications for novel treatments of addiction.

Barry J Everitt

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in The European journal of neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06259630 (Effect of Nicotine on Acquisition and Extinction of a Conditioned Place Preference in a Virtual Reality Environment), which is not on this map. Cited by 154 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
154citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
14.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06259630 phase4withdrawnnot on this mapstarted 2015, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Nicotine on Acquisition and Extinction of a Conditioned Place Preference in a Virtual Reality Environment

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of ChicagoRan2015 to 2018Enrolled0ConditionsNicotine Addiction, Nicotine Use DisorderArmsNicotine, Placebo oral capsule
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

154 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 308 citations in OpenAlex.

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  11. BDNF in ventrolateral orbitofrontal cortex to dorsolateral striatum circuit moderates alcohol consumption, seeking and relapse.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Article
  12. GABAFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026
    Review
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94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Barry J EverittDepartment of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
University of Cambridge · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council G0001354Medical Research Council G1002231Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This review discusses the evidence for the hypothesis that the development of drug addiction can be understood in terms of interactions between Pavlovian and instrumental learning and memory mechanisms in the brain that underlie the seeking and taking of drugs. It is argued that these behaviours initially are goal-directed, but increasingly become elicited as stimulus-response habits by drug-associated conditioned stimuli that are established by Pavlovian conditioning. It is further argued that compulsive drug use emerges as the result of a loss of prefrontal cortical inhibitory control over drug seeking habits. Data are reviewed that indicate these transitions from use to abuse to addiction depend upon shifts from ventral to dorsal striatal control over behaviour, mediated in part by serial connectivity between the striatum and midbrain dopamine systems. Only some individuals lose control over their drug use, and the importance of behavioural impulsivity as a vulnerability trait predicting stimulant abuse and addiction in animals and humans, together with consideration of an emerging neuroendophenotype for addiction are discussed. Finally, the potential for developing treatments for addiction is considered in light of the neuropsychological advances that are reviewed, including the possibility of targeting drug memory reconsolidation and extinction to reduce Pavlovian influences on drug seeking as a means of promoting abstinence and preventing relapse.

Indexed as

AnimalsBrainDrug-Seeking BehaviorHabitsHumansMemorySubstance-Related Disorderscocainecompulsionhabitsreconsolidationrelapsestriatum

Identifiers

PMID24935353
PMCPMC4145664
OpenAlexW2126192628

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.