ArticleGut pathogens2014
The impact of Toll-like-receptor-9 on intestinal microbiota composition and extra-intestinal sequelae in experimental Toxoplasma gondii induced ileitis.
Article in Gut pathogens, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toxoplasma-induced behavior changes - is microbial dysbiosis the missing link?Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Pathological mechanisms of glial cell activation and neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders caused byFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- P2X7 Receptor Modulation of the Gut Microbiota and the Inflammasome Determines the Severity ofBiomedicines · 2023Article
- Parasite infections, neuroinflammation, and potential contributions of gut microbiota.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Persisting Microbiota and Neuronal Imbalance FollowingFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The Immunoproteasome Subunits LMP2, LMP7 and MECL-1 Are Crucial Along the Induction of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Influence of the Host and Parasite Strain on the Immune Response DuringFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Murine fecal microbiota transplantation lowers gastrointestinal pathogen loads and dampens pro-inflammatory immune responses in Campylobacter jejuni infected secondary abiotic mice.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Current understanding of the gut microbiota shaping mechanisms.Journal of biomedical science · 2019Review
- Neuronal impairment following chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection is aggravated by intestinal nematode challenge in an IFN-γ-dependent manner.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2019Article
- Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Decreases Intestinal Loads of Multi-Drug ResistantEuropean journal of microbiology & immunology · 2019Article
- Murine Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Alleviates Intestinal and Systemic Immune Responses inFrontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Comprehensive Kinetic Survey of Intestinal, Extra-Intestinal and Systemic Sequelae of Murine Ileitis Following Peroral Low-DoseFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Article
- Ventilator-induced lung injury is aggravated by antibiotic mediated microbiota depletion in mice.Critical care (London, England) · 2018Article
- Interleukin-22-deficiency and microbiota contribute to the exacerbation of Toxoplasma gondii-induced intestinal inflammation.Mucosal immunology · 2018Article
- Anti-inflammatory Effects of the Octapeptide NAP in Human Microbiota-Associated Mice Suffering from Subacute Ileitis.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2018Article
- Peroral Low-DoseEuropean journal of microbiology & immunology · 2018Article
- Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa aggravates inflammatory responses in murine chronic colitis.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Article
- Micromanaging Immunity in the Murine Host vs. the Mosquito Vector: Microbiota-Dependent Immune Responses to Intestinal Parasites.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFollowing peroral Toxoplasma (T.) gondii infection, susceptible mice develop acute ileitis due to a microbiota-dependent Th1 type immunopathology. Toll-like-receptor (TLR)-9 is known to recognize bacterial DNA and mediates intestinal inflammation, but its impact on intestinal microbiota composition and extra-intestinal sequelae following T. gondii infection has not yet been elucidated. METHODS AND
resultsSeven days following peroral infection (p.i.) with 100 cysts of T. gondii ME49 strain, TLR-9(-/-) and wildtype (WT) mice suffered from comparable ileitis, whereas ileal parasitic loads as well as IFN-γ and nitric oxide levels were higher in TLR-9(-/-) compared to WT mice. Locally, TLR-9(-/-) mice exhibited increased ileal CD3+, but not FOXP3+ cell numbers at day 7 p.i.; in mesenteric lymph nodes IFN-γ-producing CD4+ cell numbers and TNF-α and IFN-γ concentrations were also increased in TLR-9(-/-) compared to WT mice. T. gondii DNA levels, however, did not differ in mice of either genotype. Differences in intestinal microbiota were rather subtle except for bifidobacteria that were virtually absent in both, naïve and T. gondii infected TLR-9(-/-), but not WT mice. Extra-intestinally, TLR-9(-/-) mice displayed less distinct systemic immune responses as indicated by lower serum IL-6, and splenic TNF-α and IFN-γ levels as compared to WT mice despite higher translocation rates of intestinal bacteria to extra-intestinal compartments such as liver, spleen, kidney, and cardiac blood. Most importantly, brains were also affected in this inflammatory scenario as early as day 7 p.i. Remarkably, TLR-9(-/-) mice exhibited more pronounced inflammatory infiltrates with higher numbers of F4/80+ macrophages and microglia in the cortex and meninges as compared to WT mice, whereas T. gondii DNA levels did not differ.
conclusionWe here show that TLR-9 is not required for the development of T. gondii induced ileitis but mediates distinct inflammatory changes in intestinal and extra-intestinal compartments including the brain.
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