Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24929864›Full record

ReviewTrends in neurosciences2014

Prefrontal cortical regulation of fear learning.

Marieke R Gilmartin, Nicholas L Balderston, Fred J Helmstetter

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Trends in neurosciences, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
109citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
8.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

109 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 195 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  11. MedComm · 2025
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49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Marieke R GilmartinDepartment of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2441 E. Hartford Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, 561 N 15th Street, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA. Electronic address: marieke.gilmartin@marquette.edu.
Nicholas L BalderstonDepartment of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2441 E. Hartford Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
Fred J HelmstetterDepartment of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2441 E. Hartford Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee · USMarquette University · US

Funding

Distributed synaptic plasticity in fear conditioningR01MH069558 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE · PI HELMSTETTER, FRED J · 2005 to 2014
$2.9M
Functional Neuroanatomy of Human Fear ConditioningR01MH060668 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE · PI HELMSTETTER, FRED J · 2002 to 2011
$2.1M
IPT and Antipsychotic Dose Reduction for Youth with Severe Mood DysregulationK23MH090246 · NIMH · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI MILLER, LESLIE RACHEL · 2011 to 2015
$916k
Molecular signaling underlying trace fear conditioning in hippocampus and mPFCF32MH083422 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE · PI GILMARTIN, MARIEKE R · 2008 to 2010
$149k
Prefrontal interactions with hippocampus and amygdala during trace fearR03MH090426 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE · PI HELMSTETTER, FRED J · 2010 to 2011
$144k
NIMH NIH HHS F32 MH083422NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH090246NIMH NIH HHS MH060668NIMH NIH HHS MH090246NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH060668NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH069558NIMH NIH HHS R03 MH090426
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The prefrontal cortex regulates the expression of fear based on previously learned information. Recently, this brain area has emerged as being crucial in the initial formation of fear memories, providing new avenues to study the neurobiology underlying aberrant learning in anxiety disorders. Here we review the circumstances under which the prefrontal cortex is recruited in the formation of memory, highlighting relevant work in laboratory animals and human subjects. We propose that the prefrontal cortex facilitates fear memory through the integration of sensory and emotional signals and through the coordination of memory storage in an amygdala-based network.

Indexed as

FearAnimalsHumansLearningPrefrontal Cortexawarenessfear conditioningfMRIlearningmemoryPFCprelimbic

Identifiers

PMID24929864
PMCPMC4119830
OpenAlexW2010440933

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.