ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2014
B cells regulate CD4+ T cell responses to papain following B cell receptor-independent papain uptake.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Secreted IgM deficiency alters the retinal landscape enhancing neurodegeneration associated with aging.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Article
- Resting CD4 regulatory T cell and neuroblastoma: A Mendelian randomization study.Pediatric discovery · 2024Article
- T follicular helper cells are elevated in a rat model of autoimmune myocarditis.FEBS open bio · 2020Article
- Role of T lymphocytes and papain enzymatic activity in the protection induced by the cysteine protease againstJournal of advanced research · 2019Article
- Role of B cells in TThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2018Article
- Stochasticity enables BCR-independent germinal center initiation and antibody affinity maturation.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2018Article
- Eicosanoid Control Over Antigen Presenting Cells in Asthma.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- B cells play key roles in th2-type airway immune responses in mice exposed to natural airborne allergens.PloS one · 2015Article
- Induction of Protective Immune Responses Against Schistosomiasis haematobium in Hamsters and Mice Using Cysteine Peptidase-Based Vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Papain, a cysteine protease allergen with inherent adjuvant activity, induces potent IL-4 expression by T cells in the popliteal lymph nodes of mice following footpad immunization. In this study, we identify a novel, non-BCR-mediated capacity for B cells to rapidly bind and internalize papain. B cells subsequently regulate the adaptive immune response by enhancing ICOS expression on CD4(+) T cells and amplifying Th2 and follicular helper T cell induction. Ab blockade of ICOS ligand, expressed by popliteal lymph node B cells, but not dendritic cells, at the peak of the response inhibits IL-4 responses in wild-type mice but not B cell-deficient mice. Thus, B cells play a critical role in amplifying adjuvant-dependent Th2 polarization following noncanonical acquisition and internalization of the cysteine protease papain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.