ArticleThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2014
Airway surface mycosis in chronic TH2-associated airway disease.
Article in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anti-IgE monoclonal antibody therapy for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Fibrinogen and lipopolysaccharide promote TLR4-dependent glucocorticoid resistance in airway mycosis-driven allergic airway disease.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- The airway mycobiome in chronic respiratory diseases: current advances and future frontiers.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- The immunology of asthma.Nature immunology · 2025Review
- Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis Diagnosis, Management, Associated Conditions, Pathophysiology, and Future Directions: Summary of a Multidisciplinary Workshop.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2025Review
- Article
- Development and evaluation of a novel rapid fungal nucleic acid extraction kit.Archives of microbiology · 2025Article
- Sensory Dysfunction, Microbial Infections, and Host Responses in Alzheimer's Disease.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Infectious Rhinosinusitis.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Review
- STAT6 Blockade AbrogatesFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Editorial: Innate immunity and severe asthma: From microbiome to target therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Transient Ascaris suum larval migration induces intractable chronic pulmonary disease and anemia in mice.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Candida albicans elicits protective allergic responses via platelet mediated T helper 2 and T helper 17 cell polarization.Immunity · 2021Article
- Revisiting the controversy: The role of fungi in chronic rhinosinusitis.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2021Review
- Computer-Assisted Analysis of Oral Antifungal Therapy in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Airway Mycosis: a Retrospective Cohort Analysis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2021Article
- Novel acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis model induced by airway mycosis and high dose lipopolysaccharide.Respiratory research · 2021Article
- The immune response to airway mycosis.Current opinion in microbiology · 2021Review
- Airway Mycosis and the Regulation of Type 2 Immunity.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Caspase-11 promotes allergic airway inflammation.Nature communications · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEnvironmental fungi have been linked to TH2 cell-related airway inflammation and the TH2-associated chronic airway diseases asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS), but whether these organisms participate directly or indirectly in disease pathology remains unknown.
objectiveTo determine the frequency of fungus isolation and fungus-specific immunity in patients with TH2-associated and non-TH2-associated airway disease.
methodsSinus lavage fluid and blood were collected from sinus surgery patients (n = 118) including patients with CRSwNP, patients with CRS without nasal polyps, patients with AFRS, and non-CRS/nonasthmatic control patients. Asthma status was determined from medical history. Sinus lavage fluids were cultured and directly examined for evidence of viable fungi. PBMCs were restimulated with fungal antigens in an enzyme-linked immunocell spot assay to determine total memory fungus-specific IL-4-secreting cells. These data were compared with fungus-specific IgE levels measured from plasma by ELISA.
resultsFilamentous fungi were significantly more commonly cultured in patients with TH2-associated airway disease (asthma, CRSwNP, or AFRS: n = 68) than in control patients with non-TH2-associated disease (n = 31): 74% vs 16%, respectively (P < .001). Both fungus-specific IL-4 enzyme-linked immunocell spot (n = 48) and specific IgE (n = 70) data correlated with TH2-associated diseases (sensitivity 73% and specificity 100% vs 50% and 77%, respectively).
conclusionsThe frequent isolation of fungi growing directly within the airways accompanied by specific immunity to these organisms only in patients with TH2-associated chronic airway diseases suggests that fungi participate directly in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Efforts to eradicate airway fungi from the airways should be considered in selected patients.
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Registered trials
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