Trial reportClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2014
Syphilis predicts HIV incidence among men and transgender women who have sex with men in a preexposure prophylaxis trial.
Trial report in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 95 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Ending the HIV Epidemic Through Point-of-Care Technologies (EHPOC): Performance Evaluation of Novel POC HIV Tests in Baltimore
Health Status of Transgender Women in French Guiana and Paris: a Cross-sectional View (TransGuyane)
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of syphilis infection on HIV acquisition: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Sexually transmitted infections · 2021Pooled it
- Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2021Guideline
- Global Epidemiologic Characteristics of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Individuals Using Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2015Guideline
- Cabotegravir for HIV Prevention in Cisgender Men and Transgender Women.The New England journal of medicine · 2021Trial
- Evaluating a Brief, Video-Based Sexual Risk Reduction Intervention and Assessment Reactivity with STI Clinic Patients: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2015Trial
- Representativeness of participants in a randomized controlled trial on modalities of monitoring oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use.AIDS research and therapy · 2026Article
- Cabotegravir Maintains Protective Efficacy in the Setting of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Secondary Analysis of HPTN 083.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Migration, Sexual Behavior, and Gender Identity: Triple Vulnerability to the Presence of HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- The evolving HIV epidemic in Ontario, Canada: A retrospective analysis of new HIV diagnoses to identify subpopulations with persistent risk of HIV transmission.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2025Article
- High syphilis incidence among PrEP-adherent men who have sex with men and transgender women in Peru.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Predicting the Risk of HIV Infection and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Cross-Sectional Study Using Multiple Machine Learning Approaches.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Article
- Implementation and Evaluation of a Home-Based Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Monitoring Option: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Behind Prep Decisions: Understanding User Patterns and Discontinuation Factors in Real-World.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Predicting sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men in Zimbabwe using deep learning and ensemble machine learning models.PLOS digital health · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Treatment Outcomes of Syphilis among People with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Engaging in High-Risk Sexual Behavior: Real World Data from Northern Greece, 2019-2022.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Impact of screening and doxycycline prevention on the syphilis epidemic among men who have sex with men in British Columbia: a mathematical modelling study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2024Article
- Can laboratory HIV and infectious syphilis data inform future pre-exposure prophylaxis use in women in Ontario, Canada?Sexually transmitted infections · 2024Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSyphilis infection may potentiate transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We sought to determine the extent to which HIV acquisition was associated with syphilis infection within an HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) trial and whether emtricitabine/tenofovir (FTC/TDF) modified that association.
methodsThe Preexposure Prophylaxis Initiative (iPrEx) study randomly assigned 2499 HIV-seronegative men and transgender women who have sex with men (MSM) to receive oral daily FTC/TDF or placebo. Syphilis prevalence at screening and incidence during follow-up were measured. Hazard ratios for the effect of incident syphilis on HIV acquisition were calculated. The effect of FTC/TDF on incident syphilis and HIV acquisition was assessed.
resultsOf 2499 individuals, 360 (14.4%) had a positive rapid plasma reagin test at screening; 333 (92.5%) had a positive confirmatory test, which did not differ between the arms (FTC/TDF vs placebo, P = .81). The overall syphilis incidence during the trial was 7.3 cases per 100 person-years. There was no difference in syphilis incidence between the study arms (7.8 cases per 100 person-years for FTC/TDF vs 6.8 cases per 100 person-years for placebo, P = .304). HIV incidence varied by incident syphilis (2.8 cases per 100 person-years for no syphilis vs 8.0 cases per 100 person-years for incident syphilis), reflecting a hazard ratio of 2.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.6-4.4; P < .001). There was no evidence for interaction between randomization to the FTC/TDF arm and incident syphilis on HIV incidence.
conclusionsIn HIV-seronegative MSM, syphilis infection was associated with HIV acquisition in this PrEP trial; a syphilis diagnosis should prompt providers to offer PrEP unless otherwise contraindicated.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.