ArticlePloS one2014
Irisin levels are lower in young amenorrheic athletes compared with eumenorrheic athletes and non-athletes and are associated with bone density and strength estimates.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between circulating irisin levels and osteoporosis in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Circulating Irisin Level and Thyroid Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.BioMed research international · 2020Pooled it
- Irisin in blood increases transiently after single sessions of intense endurance exercise and heavy strength training.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Sex specific effects of irisin on the skeleton.Bone research · 2026Review
- 2025 Update to the Female Athlete Triad Coalition Consensus Statement Part 1: State of the Science and Introduction of a New Adolescent Model.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Irisin Concentrations in Children and Adolescent Cancer Survivors and Their Relation to Metabolic, Bone, and Reproductive Profile: A Pilot Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Irisin and Metastatic Melanoma: Selective Anti-Invasiveness Activity in BRAF Wild-Type Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Menstrual Dysfunction in Adolescent Female Athletes.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Roles of Myokines and Muscle-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Musculoskeletal Deterioration under Disuse Conditions.Metabolites · 2024Review
- Review
- The reciprocity of skeletal muscle and bone: an evolving view from mechanical coupling, secretory crosstalk to stem cell exchange.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
- The Role of Irisin throughout Women's Life Span.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Plasma Myokine Profiles in Patients With AChR- and MuSK-Ab-Positive Myasthenia Gravis.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Article
- Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Irisin: Harnessing Its Function in Degenerative Disorders and Tissue Regeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Irisin Modulates Inflammatory, Angiogenic, and Osteogenic Factors during Fracture Healing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Associations of Circulating Irisin and Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Levels with Measures of Energy Homeostasis in Highly Trained Adolescent Rhythmic Gymnasts.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Irisin and Bone in Sickness and in Health: A Narrative Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Body composition and myokines in a cohort of patients with Becker muscular dystrophy.Muscle & nerve · 2022Article
- Physical Activity and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Aging Decay: Modulation of Pathways in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- In patients with anorexia nervosa, myokine levels are altered but are not associated with bone mineral density loss and bone turnover alteration.Endocrine connections · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Irisin and FGF21 are novel hormones implicated in the "browning" of white fat, thermogenesis, and energy homeostasis. However, there are no data regarding these hormones in amenorrheic athletes (AA) (a chronic energy deficit state) compared with eumenorrheic athletes (EA) and non-athletes. We hypothesized that irisin and FGF21 would be low in AA, an adaptive response to low energy stores. Furthermore, because (i) brown fat has positive effects on bone, and (ii) irisin and FGF21 may directly impact bone, we hypothesized that bone density, structure and strength would be positively associated with these hormones in athletes and non-athletes. To test our hypotheses, we studied 85 females, 14-21 years [38 AA, 24 EA and 23 non-athletes (NA)]. Fasting serum irisin and FGF21 were measured. Body composition and bone density were assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, bone microarchitecture using high resolution peripheral quantitative CT, strength estimates using finite element analysis, resting energy expenditure (REE) using indirect calorimetry and time spent exercising/week by history. Subjects did not differ for pubertal stage. Fat mass was lowest in AA. AA had lower irisin and FGF21 than EA and NA, even after controlling for fat and lean mass. Across subjects, irisin was positively associated with REE and bone density Z-scores, volumetric bone mineral density (total and trabecular), stiffness and failure load. FGF21 was negatively associated with hours/week of exercise and cortical porosity, and positively with fat mass and cortical volumetric bone density. Associations of irisin (but not FGF21) with bone parameters persisted after controlling for potential confounders. In conclusion, irisin and FGF21 are low in AA, and irisin (but not FGF21) is independently associated with bone density and strength in athletes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.