ArticleMedical care2014
Trends in childbirth before 39 weeks' gestation without medical indication.
Article in Medical care, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Age-period-cohort analysis of low birth weight, early-term delivery, induction, and cesarean-section, US births 1990-2019.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Timing of Term Births and Associated Mortality Risks: Ecological Analysis Across 28 European Countries.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Article
- Unraveling the Molecular Links between Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Early Birth Risks in African American Mothers: A Metabolomics Study in the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child Cohort.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Uncharted territory: a narrative review of parental involvement in decision-making about late preterm and early term delivery.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Review
- Evaluation of a Tennessee statewide initiative to reduce early elective deliveries using quasi-experimental methods.BMC health services research · 2019Article
- Elective Deliveries and Neonatal Outcomes in Full-Term Pregnancies.American journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Birth Hospitalization Costs and Days of Care for Mothers and Neonates in California, 2009-2011.The Journal of pediatrics · 2019Article
- Shifting Patterns in Cesarean Delivery Scheduling and Timing in Oregon before and after a Statewide Hard Stop Policy.Health services research · 2018Article
- Examining Trends in Obstetric Quality Measures for Monitoring Health Care Disparities.Medical care · 2018Article
- Oregon's Hard-Stop Policy Limiting Elective Early-Term Deliveries: Association With Obstetric Procedure Use and Health Outcomes.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2016Article
- Article
- Early Elective Delivery Disparities between Non-Hispanic Black and White Women after Statewide Policy Implementation.Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's HealthArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is increasing attention to labor induction and cesarean delivery occurring at 37 0/7-38 6/7 weeks' gestation (early-term) without medical indication.
objectiveTo measure prevalence, change over time, patient characteristics, and infant outcomes associated with early-term nonindicated births. RESEARCH DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Retrospective analysis using linked hospital discharge and birth certificate data for the 7,296,363 uncomplicated births (>37 0/7 wk' gestation) between 1995 and 2009 in 3 states. MEASURES: Early-term nonindicated birth is calculated using diagnosis codes and birth certificate records. Secondary outcomes included infant prolonged length of stay and respiratory distress.
resultsAcross uncomplicated term births, the early-term nonindicated birth rate was 3.18%. After adjustment, the risk of nonindicated birth before 39 0/7 weeks was 86% higher in 2009 than in 1995 [hazard ratio (HR)=1.86; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.81-1.90], peaking in 2006 (HR=2.03; P<0.001). Factors independently associated with higher odds included maternal age, higher education levels, private health insurance, and delivering at smaller-volume or nonteaching hospitals. Black women had higher risk of nonindicated cesarean birth (HR=1.29; 95% CI, 1.27-1.32), which was associated with greater odds of prolonged length of stay [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.60; 95% CI, 1.57-1.64] and infant respiratory distress (AOR=2.44; 95% CI, 2.37-2.50) compared with births after 38 6/7 weeks. Early-term nonindicated induction was also associated with comparatively greater odds of prolonged length of stay (AOR=1.20; 95% CI, 1.17-1.23).
conclusionsNearly 4% of all uncomplicated births to term infants occurred before 39 0/7 weeks' gestation without medical indication. These births were associated with adverse infant outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.