SynthesisThe Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences2014
Combined estrogen replacement therapy on metabolic control in postmenopausal women with diabetes mellitus.
Synthesis in The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hormone therapy and insulin resistance in non-diabetic postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society · 2025Pooled it
- Menopausal hormone therapy and women's health: An umbrella review.PLoS medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Menopause hormone therapy and type 2 diabetes risk and prognosis: systematic review and meta-analyses.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- The effect of estradiol and selective estrogen receptor modulators on lipid profile in the ovariectomized rat model.Research in pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Article
- The menopausal transition period and cardiovascular risk.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2024Review
- Association of the number of teeth and self-rated mastication with self-rated health in community-dwelling Japanese aged 40 years and older: the Yamagata cohort study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Change in metabolic parameters and reproductive hormones from baseline to 6-month hormone therapy.Medicine · 2022Article
- Molecular and Physiological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Women and Pregnancy.Frontiers in global women's health · 2022Review
- Risks, Benefits, and Treatment Modalities of Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Current Concepts.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Protein Kinases Mediate Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cannabidiol and Estradiol Against High Glucose in Cardiac Sodium Channels.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Glycemic Control During Gender-Affirming Therapy in a Patient With Type 1 Diabetes.Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2019Article
- Sex Differences in Age-Associated Type 2 Diabetes in Rats-Role of Estrogens and Oxidative Stress.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2019Article
- The effects of oestrogens and their receptors on cardiometabolic health.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2017Review
- Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Type 2 Diabetes Prevention: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications.Endocrine reviews · 2017Review
- Impact of menopause and diabetes on atherogenic lipid profile: is it worth to analyse lipoprotein subfractions to assess cardiovascular risk in women?Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2017Review
- Diabetes and Menopause.Current diabetes reports · 2016Review
- Metabolic disorders in menopause.Przeglad menopauzalny = Menopause review · 2015Review
- Potential benefits of berberine in the management of perimenopausal syndrome.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2015Review
- Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in pre- and postmenopausal women.Archives of endocrinology and metabolismArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the incidence of diabetes is higher when women come to menopause. This study was carried out to examine the effects of combined estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on diabetes in postmenopausal women. PubMed/MEDLINE was searched for English-language articles published between January 1997 and June 2011. Studies that examined ERT on the incidence of diabetes and randomized clinical trials that evaluated combined ERT (estrogen plus progesterone) on diabetic indices in postmenopausal women were included. Pooled relative risks were calculated using a random- or a fixed-effects model. Sixteen studies comprising 17,971 cases were included. Based on the pooled data, ERT significantly reduced the incidence of diabetes [odds ratio (OR), 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.55-0.68, ERT past/current/continuous use vs. never use; OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.51-0.65, ERT current/continuous use vs. past/never use]. Women with combined ERT have significantly lower levels of fasting plasma glucose (mean difference, -1.41 mM/L; 95% CI, -2.49 to -0.33 mM/L) and HbA1c (mean difference, -0.73%; 95% CI, from -1.28 to -0.18%) compared with placebo. Furthermore, combined ERT dramatically reduced plasma total cholesterol (mean difference, -0.34 mM/L; 95% CI, from -0.53 to -0.15 mM/L) and low-density lipoprotein (mean difference, -0.43 mM/L; 95% CI, from -0.71 to -0.14 mM/L) but slightly increased high-density lipoprotein (mean difference, 0.02 mM/L; 95% CI, from -0.07 to 0.12 mM/L) levels as compared with placebo control. This systemic review and meta-analysis provides evidence that postmenopausal women taking low-dose combined ERT have a decreased risk of developing diabetes and have better diabetic control.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.