ArticlePsychopharmacology2014
Negative reinforcement via motivational withdrawal is the driving force behind the transition to addiction.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluating mediators of the effect of varenicline preloading on smoking abstinence in a randomized controlled trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Trial
- Large-scale behavioral characterization of oxycodone self-administration in heterogeneous stock rats reveals initial analgesic effects are associated with addiction-like behaviors.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol as a treatment for cocaine use disorder: a scoping review.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Oxytocin significantly enhances GABAergic transmission in the central amygdala of alcohol-naïve and alcohol-dependent female rats.Neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Automated pipeline for operant behavior phenotyping for high-throughput data management, processing, and visualization.NPP - digital psychiatry and neuroscience · 2025Article
- Article
- The mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulator mavoglurant reduces escalated cocaine self-administration in male and female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Article
- Therapeutics for Substance-Using Women: The Need to Elucidate Sex-Specific Targets for Better-Tailored Treatments.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2023Article
- Article
- Childhood Adversity and the Association Between Stress Sensitivity and Problematic Alcohol Use in Adults.Journal of traumatic stress · 2022Article
- The Kynurenine Pathway and Mediating Role of Stress in Addictive Disorders: A Focus on Alcohol Use Disorder and Internet Gaming Disorder.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Shortening time for access to alcohol drives up front-loading behavior, bringing consumption in male rats to the level of females.Biology of sex differences · 2021Article
- Paradoxical changes in brain reward status during oxycodone self-administration in a novel test of the negative reinforcement hypothesis.British journal of pharmacology · 2021Article
- Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) signalling in the central nucleus of the amygdala modulates stress-induced alcohol seeking.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Delineating the Psychic Structure of Substance Use and Addictions, from Neurobiology to Clinical Implications: Ten Years Later.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Increases in compulsivity, inflammation, and neural injury in HIV transgenic rats with escalated methamphetamine self-administration under extended-access conditions.Brain research · 2020Article
- Sex Differences in the Neurobiology of Alcohol Use Disorder.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2020Review
- Article
- Enhanced neuronal and blunted hemodynamic reactivity to cocaine in the prefrontal cortex following extended cocaine access: optical imaging study in anesthetized rats.Addiction biology · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.