Trial reportThe Journal of clinical psychiatry2014
Clinical predictors of ketamine response in treatment-resistant major depression.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04234776 (Intramuscular Ketamine Versus Escitalopram and Aripiprazole in Acute and Maintenance Treatment of Patients With Treatment-resistant Depression), which is not on this map. Cited by 83 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Intramuscular Ketamine Versus Escitalopram and Aripiprazole in Acute and Maintenance Treatment of Patients With Treatment-resistant Depression
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 163 citations in OpenAlex.
- Appetite measures as correlates of clinical response in mood disorders treated with ketamine: systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Brain-based correlates of antidepressant response to ketamine: a comprehensive systematic review of neuroimaging studies.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- International pooled patient-level meta-analysis of ketamine infusion for depression: In search of clinical moderators.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Blood-based biomarkers of antidepressant response to ketamine and esketamine: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Ketamine's impact on mood after day-case surgery and its relation to obesity: a randomised controlled trial in women undergoing fractional curettage.BMC women's health · 2025Trial
- Does the intensity of dissociation predict antidepressant effects 24 hours after infusion of racemic ketamine or esketamine in treatment-resistant depression? A secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial.Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy · 2025Trial
- Efficacy and safety of intravenous ketamine treatment in Japanese patients with treatment-resistant depression: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2024Trial
- Exploring Predictors of Ketamine Response in Adolescent Treatment-Resistant Depression.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Sex-dependent metabolism of ketamine and (Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2022Trial
- Functional Dysconnectivity of Frontal Cortex to Striatum Predicts Ketamine Infusion Response in Treatment-Resistant Depression.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Sex differences in response to ketamine as a rapidly acting intervention for treatment resistant depression.Journal of psychiatric research · 2019Trial
- Neurocognitive effects of ketamine and association with antidepressant response in individuals with treatment-resistant depression: a randomized controlled trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2015Trial
- D-serine plasma concentration is a potential biomarker of (R,S)-ketamine antidepressant response in subjects with treatment-resistant depression.Psychopharmacology · 2015Trial
- Lithium and Valproate Levels Do Not Correlate with Ketamine's Antidepressant Efficacy in Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression.Neural plasticity · 2015Trial
- Improvement in suicidal ideation after ketamine infusion: relationship to reductions in depression and anxiety.Journal of psychiatric research · 2014Trial
- Ketamine's antidepressant efficacy is extended for at least four weeks in subjects with a family history of an alcohol use disorder.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2014Trial
- Body Mass Index as a Moderator of Treatment Response to Ketamine for Major Depressive Disorder.Journal of clinical psychopharmacologyTrial
- History of episodic heavy alcohol use predicts antidepressant effectiveness of ketamine.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Structural imaging predictors of ketamine response in treatment-resistant depression: a machine learning approach.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Ketamine or Esketamine in Special Populations of Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Review
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine has rapid antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar depression. Clinical predictors may identify those more likely to benefit from ketamine within clinically heterogeneous populations.
methodData were analyzed from 4 studies of treatment-resistant inpatients with DSM-IV-TR-diagnosed MDD or bipolar I or II depression. Patients who were currently experiencing a moderate-to-severe major depressive episode were enrolled between November 2004 and March 2013. All subjects received a single subanesthetic (0.5 mg/kg) ketamine infusion over 40 minutes. Patients were analyzed at the 230-minute postinfusion time point (n = 108), at day 1 (n = 82), and at day 7 (n = 71). Univariate Pearson correlations were performed for each variable with percent change from baseline in the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Multivariate linear regression was then conducted for statistically significant predictors (P ≤ .05, 2-tailed).
resultsHigher body mass index correlated with greater HDRS improvement at 230 minutes (standardized β = -0.30, P = .004) and at day 1 (standardized β = -0.37, P = .001), but not at day 7 (standardized β = -0.18, P = .10). Family history of an alcohol use disorder in a first-degree relative was associated with greater HDRS improvement at day 1 (standardized β = -0.27, P = .014) and day 7 (standardized β = -0.41, P < .001). No prior history of suicide attempt(s) was associated with greater improvement only at day 7 (standardized β = 0.28, P = .01). The overall statistical model explained 13%, 23%, and 36% of HDRS percent change variance at 230 minutes, day 1, and day 7, respectively.
conclusionsDespite its post hoc nature, this study identified several clinical correlates of ketamine's rapid and durable antidepressant effects. Further investigation of these relationships is critical for individualized treatment of depression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.