ArticlePloS one2014
Temporal trends in the Swedish HIV-1 epidemic: increase in non-B subtypes and recombinant forms over three decades.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Viral Load Is Elevated in Individuals With Reverse-Transcriptase Mutation M184V/I During Virological Failure of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy and Is Associated With Compensatory Mutation L74I.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Defining HIV-1 transmission clusters based on sequence data.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Pooled it
- HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in newly diagnosed individuals in Italy over the period 2015-21.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Article
- The molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Sweden 1996 to 2022, and the influence of migration from Ukraine.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2023Article
- Molecular epidemiology and HIV-1 variant evolution in Poland between 2015 and 2019.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Post-migration acquisition of HIV: Estimates from four European countries, 2007 to 2016.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2021Article
- Cytotoxic Lymphocytes Target HIV-1 Gag Through Granzyme M-Mediated Cleavage.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Cross-Continental Dispersal of Major HIV-1 CRF01_AE Clusters in China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Prevalence of Non-B HIV-1 Subtypes in North Italy and Analysis of Transmission Clusters Based on Sequence Data Analysis.Microorganisms · 2019Article
- An Evolutionary Model-Based Approach To Quantify the Genetic Barrier to Drug Resistance in Fast-Evolving Viruses and Its Application to HIV-1 Subtypes and Integrase Inhibitors.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2019Article
- HIV-1 Subtype C with PYxE Insertion Has Enhanced Binding of Gag-p6 to Host Cell Protein ALIX and Increased Replication Fitness.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- National and International Dimensions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Sequence Clusters in a Northern California Clinical Cohort.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- A 28-Year History of HIV-1 Drug Resistance and Transmission in Washington, DC.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Article
- Recent increased identification and transmission of HIV-1 unique recombinant forms in Sweden.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Quantitative humoral profiling of the HIV-1 proteome in elite controllers and patients with very long-term efficient antiretroviral therapy.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Prediction of coreceptor usage by five bioinformatics tools in a large Ethiopian HIV-1 subtype C cohort.PloS one · 2017Article
- Effect of therapy switch on time to second-line antiretroviral treatment failure in HIV-infected patients.PloS one · 2017Article
- Rising prevalence of non-B HIV-1 subtypes in North Carolina and evidence for local onward transmission.Virus evolution · 2017Article
- A Direct Comparison of Two Densely Sampled HIV Epidemics: The UK and Switzerland.Scientific reports · 2016Article
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Abstract
backgroundHIV-1 subtype B (HIV-1B) still dominates in resource-rich countries but increased migration contributes to changes in the global subtype distribution. Also, spread of non-B subtypes within such countries occurs. The trend of the subtype distribution from the beginning of the epidemic in the country has earlier not been reported in detail. Thus the primary objective of this study is to describe the temporal trend of the subtype distribution from the beginning of the HIV-1 epidemic in Sweden over three decades.
methodsHIV-1 pol sequences from patients (n = 3967) diagnosed in Sweden 1983-2012, corresponding to >40% of patients ever diagnosed, were re-subtyped using several automated bioinformatics tools. The temporal trends of subtypes and recombinants during three decades were described by a multinomial logistic regression model.
resultsAll eleven group M HIV-1 subtypes and sub-subtypes (78%), 17 circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) (19%) and 32 unique recombinants forms (URF) (3%) were identified. When all patients were analysed, there was an increase of newly diagnosed HIV-1C (RR, 95%CI: 1.10, 1.06-1.14), recombinants (1.20, 1.17-1.24) and other pure subtypes (1.11, 1.07-1.16) over time compared to HIV-1B. The same pattern was found when all patients infected in Sweden (n = 1165) were analysed. Also, for MSM patients infected in Sweden (n = 921), recombinant forms and other pure subtypes increased. SIGNIFICANCE: Sweden exhibits one of the most diverse subtype epidemics outside Africa. The increase of non-B subtypes is due to migration and to a spread among heterosexually infected patients and MSM within the country. This viral heterogeneity may become a hotspot for development of more diverse and complex recombinant forms if the epidemics converge.
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