ArticleSexually transmitted diseases2014
Multilevel risk factors for greater HIV infection of black men who have sex with men in New York City.
Article in Sexually transmitted diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Systematic Review up to 2018 of HIV and Associated Factors Among Criminal Justice-Involved (CJI) Black Sexual and Gender Minority Populations in the United States (US).Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2022Pooled it
- HIV Care Outcomes in Relation to Racial Redlining and Structural Factors Affecting Medical Care Access Among Black and White Persons with Diagnosed HIV-United States, 2017.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening Rates by Symptomatic Status Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States: A Hierarchical Bayesian Analysis.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2019Article
- Continued Transmission of HIV Among Young Adults Who Inject Drugs in San Francisco: Still Room for Improvement.AIDS and behavior · 2018Article
- Multiple strategies to identify HIV-positive black men who have sex with men and transgender women in New York City: a cross-sectional analysis of recruitment results.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2018Article
- The Continuum of HIV Care in the Urban United States: Black Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) Are Less Likely Than White MSM to Receive Antiretroviral Therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Are Partner Race and Intimate Partner Violence Associated with Incident and Newly Diagnosed HIV Infection in African-American Men Who Have Sex with Men?Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2017Article
- Sexual Risk and Transmission Behaviors, Partnerships and Settings Among Young Adult Nonmedical Opioid Users in New York City.AIDS and behavior · 2017Article
- Mental health in 2020 for men who have sex with men in the United States.Sexual health · 2017Review
- Persistent Racial Disparities in HIV Infection in the USA: HIV Prevalence Matters.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2017Article
- Risk Factors Associated With Repeated HIV Testing Among Internet-Using Men Who Have Sex With Men.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2016Article
- Do Sexual Networks of Men Who Have Sex with Men in New York City Differ by Race/Ethnicity?AIDS patient care and STDs · 2016Article
- Disclosure and Self-Efficacy Among HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Comparison Between Older and Younger Adults.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2015Article
- Incidence of HIV Infection in Young Gay, Bisexual, and Other YMSM: The P18 Cohort Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is a large and disproportionate burden of HIV in black men who have sex with men (MSM) which is not adequately explained by racial/ethnic differences in risk behaviors. However, social factors may account for this disparity in HIV infection. We examine the extent to which both individual risk behaviors and social factors reduce the effect of black race and may account for the disparity in HIV infection of black MSM.
methodsIn a cross-sectional study in New York City in 2011, MSM were venue sampled, interviewed, and HIV tested. Variables associated (P < 0.10) both with black race and testing HIV positive were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.
resultsOf 416 participants who were HIV tested and did not self-report being positive, 19.5% were black, 41.1% were Hispanic, 30.5% were white, and 8.9% were of other race/ethnicity. Overall, 8.7% tested positive (24.7% of blacks, 7.6% of Hispanics, 1.0% of whites, and 5.4% of other). The effect of black race versus non-black race/ethnicity with testing HIV positive declined by 49.2%, (crude odds ratio, 6.5 [95% confidence interval, 3.2-13.3] vs. adjusted odds ratio, 3.3 [95% confidence interval, 1.5-7.5]), after adjustment for having a black last sex partner, not having tested for HIV in the past 12 months, Brooklyn residency, and having an annual income less than US$20,000.
conclusionsGreater HIV infection risk of black MSM may result from social factors and less frequent HIV testing than from differences in risk behaviors. To reduce the disparity in HIV infection of black MSM, multilevel interventions that both ameliorate social risk factors and increase the frequency of HIV testing are needed.
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