ArticleBritish journal of cancer2014
The association of diabetes and anti-diabetic medications with clinical outcomes in multiple myeloma.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02967276 (Phase II Trial, Open Label, Clinical Activity of Metformin in Combination With High-dose of Dexamethasone), which is not on this map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase II Trial, Open Label, Clinical Activity of Metformin in Combination With High-dose of Dexamethasone (HDdexa) in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Impact of metformin use on the outcomes of newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma.British journal of haematology · 2019Trial
- SGLT-2 Inhibitors are Associated With a Lower Risk of Multiple Myeloma.European journal of haematology · 2026Article
- Diabetes mellitus in multiple myeloma and related plasma cell disorders: a review of risk, prognosis, and outcomes.Blood cancer journal · 2026Review
- Incidence of hematologic malignancies and mortality associated with GLP-1 receptor agonist and SGLT2 inhibitor use in type 2 diabetes mellitus: results of a retrospective cohort study of electronic health records.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Impact of type 2 and steroid-Induced diabetes mellitus on prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- The risk of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia by metformin use and type 2 diabetes status - a Danish nation-wide cohort study.Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence and impact of diabetes on survival of patients with multiple myeloma in different racial groups.Blood advances · 2024Article
- Deciphering racial disparities in multiple myeloma outcomes.Blood advances · 2024Article
- It is worth the weight: obesity and the transition from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma.Blood advances · 2023Review
- Action Mechanism of Metformin and Its Application in Hematological Malignancy Treatments: A Review.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Shutting off the fuel supply to target metabolic vulnerabilities in multiple myeloma.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Association between metabolic obesity phenotypes and multiple myeloma hospitalization burden: A national retrospective study.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Obesity and myeloma: Clinical and mechanistic contributions to disease progression.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Metformin and Cancer, an Ambiguanidous Relationship.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The antidiabetic drug metformin acts on the bone microenvironment to promote myeloma cell adhesion to preosteoblasts and increase myeloma tumour burden in vivo.Translational oncology · 2022Article
- Metabolic Disorders in Multiple Myeloma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Association between diabetes and haematological malignancies: a population-based study.Diabetologia · 2021Observational
- Metformin - its anti-cancer effects in hematologic malignancies.Oncology reviews · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInsulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signalling may underlie the promoting effect of type 2 diabetes on cancer. This study examined the association of diabetes, including steroid-induced diabetes (SID), and the impact of anti-diabetic medication on clinical outcomes of multiple myeloma (MM).
methodsA retrospective review was conducted of 1240 MM patients. Overall survival (OS) and MM disease status prior to death were analysed.
resultsDiabetic patients had a significantly shorter OS than non-diabetic patients (median: 65.4 vs 98.7 months). In multivariate analysis, SID was a significant predictor of decreased OS, along with age, comorbidity, MM stage, and cytogenetic abnormalities. Analyzing only the diabetic MM patients, Cox regression showed that metformin predicted an increased OS, whereas use of insulin/analogues predicted a decreased OS. Competing risk analysis showed that DM was associated with increased cumulative incidence of death with progressive MM. Among the diabetics, multivariate regression showed that insulin/analogues were associated with increased, but metformin with decreased death with progressive MM. Potential immortal time bias was evaluated by landmark analyses.
conclusionsDM, SID in particular, is associated with poor clinical outcomes in MM. Insulin/analogues are associated with poor outcomes, whereas metformin is associated with improved outcomes. No conclusion about causal relationships can be made at this time. Managing hyperglycaemia with non-insulin regimens should be investigated in randomised trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.