ArticlePloS one2014
Sensitive simultaneous detection of seven sexually transmitted agents in semen by multiplex-PCR and of HPV by single PCR.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 31 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Multiplexed technologies for sexually transmitted infections: global evidence on patient-centered and clinical health outcomes.BMJ global health · 2021Pooled it
- Human papillomavirus in semen and the risk for male infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Pooled it
- Urogenital Infection as a Risk Factor for Male Infertility.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2017Pooled it
- The Influence of Sexually Transmitted Bacteria and Human Papillomavirus on Sperm Parameters: Data from a Preliminary Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Multi-Target Molecular Detection of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women Living with HIV in Northeastern Brazil.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Detection of Viruses with Oncogenic and Oncomodulatory Potential in Head and Neck Tumors-External Auricle.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- The possible pathogenic mechanisms of microorganisms in infertility: a narrative review.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- HPV and co-infections: impacts on semen inflammation, oxidative stress, and sperm quality.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Impact of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) on Male and Female Fertility.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Resurgence of syphilis: focusing on emerging clinical strategies and preclinical models.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Review
- Sexually Transmitted Infections in Male Patients with Urethritis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Virus Identification for Monkeypox in Human Seminal Fluid Samples: A Systematic Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Review
- Weighing Potential Benefits and Harms of Mycoplasma genitalium Testing and Treatment Approaches.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- High-Risk HPV with Multiple Infections Promotes CYP2E1, Lipoperoxidation and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Semen of Asymptomatic Infertile Men.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Role of Infection and Leukocytes in Male Infertility.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Article
- Article
- Proinflammatory and Oxidative Stress States Induced by Human Papillomavirus andMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Article
- Current and Future Trends in the Laboratory Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infections.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Semen quality is affected by HLA class I alleles together with sexually transmitted diseases.Andrology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) may impair sperm parameters and functions thereby promoting male infertility. To date limited molecular studies were conducted to evaluate the frequency and type of such infections in semen Thus, we aimed at conceiving and validating a multiplex PCR (M-PCR) assay for the simultaneous detection of the following STD pathogens in semen: Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis, Herpes virus simplex (HSV) -1 and -2, and Treponema pallidum; We also investigated the potential usefulness of this M-PCR assay in screening programs for semen pathogens. In addition, we aimed: to detect human Papillomavirus (HPV) and genotypes by single PCR (sPCR) in the same semen samples; to determine the prevalence of the seven STDs, HPV and co-infections; to assess the possibility that these infections affect semen parameters and thus fertility. The overall validation parameters of M-PCR were extremely high including agreement (99.2%), sensitivity (100.00%), specificity (99.70%), positive (96.40%) and negative predictive values (100.00%) and accuracy (99.80%). The prevalence of STDs was very high (55.3%). Furthermore, associations were observed between STDs and changes in semen parameters, highlighting the importance of STD detection in semen. Thus, this M-PCR assay has great potential for application in semen screening programs for pathogens in infertility and STD clinics and in sperm banks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.