ArticleSocial and personality psychology compass2014
An Enduring Somatic Threat Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Due to Acute Life-Threatening Medical Events.
Article in Social and personality psychology compass, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 215 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms induced by traumatic medical events: a systematic review.Health psychology review · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Trajectories of Clinically Relevant Distress Amongst Adults with Cancer: Course and Predictors.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2025Pooled it
- Understanding the comorbidity between posttraumatic stress severity and coronary artery disease using genome-wide information and electronic health records.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Posttraumatic growth and well-being among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis in recognition of 40 years of HIV/AIDS.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2022Pooled it
- Interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms induced by medical events: A systematic review.Journal of psychosomatic research · 2020Pooled it
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Nonadherence to Treatment in People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Early interventions to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in survivors of life-threatening medical events: A systematic review.Journal of anxiety disorders · 2019Pooled it
- Posttraumatic stress disorder and nonadherence to medications prescribed for chronic medical conditions: A meta-analysis.Journal of psychiatric research · 2018Pooled it
- A systematic review of the inclusion of mechanisms of action in NIH-funded intervention trials to improve medication adherence.Behaviour research and therapy · 2018Pooled it
- Single-arm feasibility trial of a resilience intervention for cardiac arrest survivors and their family caregivers, Recovering Together after Cardiac Arrest.Resuscitation · 2025Trial
- The American Psychosocial Oncology Society's Psychosocial Oncology Virtual Academy: Enhancing Access to Specialized Psychosocial Oncology Care.Psycho-oncology · 2026Article
- Trauma-associated sleep disturbances among women in a nationwide study.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Distress dynamics in patient and partner dyads early after stroke/transient ischemic attack: A pilot feasibility study.Families, systems & health : the journal of collaborative family healthcare · 2026Observational
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Acute Cardiovascular Events: Protocol of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Sleep is associated with posttraumatic stress symptom severity in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator depending on age.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Feeling Unsafe in One's Own Body: The Impact of Illness on Psychological Safety and Social Engagement.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Associations of fear of recurrence and social support with post-traumatic stress disorder and disease recurrence in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: a retrospective study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The effects of posttraumatic stress symptoms on anxiety and depression in patients with breast cancer: mediating role of negative interpretation bias.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Posttraumatic stress disorder and associated factors among stroke survivors in Northwest Ethiopia.Discover mental health · 2025Article
- Experience of post-traumatic growth among parents of children with biliary atresia undergoing living-related liver transplantation: a descriptive phenomenological study.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs in 12-25% of survivors of acute life-threatening medical events such as heart attack, stroke, and cancer, and is associated with recurrence of cardiac events and mortality in heart attack survivors. This article reviews the current state of knowledge about PTSD after such events, and proposes an Enduring Somatic Threat (EST) model of PTSD due to acute life-threatening medical events to address underappreciated differences between PTSD due to past, discrete/external traumatic events (such as combat) and PTSD due to acute manifestations of chronic disease that are enduring/internal in nature (such as heart attack and stroke). The differences include the external versus internal/somatic source of the threat, the past versus present/future temporal focus of threatening cognitions, the different types and consequences of avoidance behavior, and the different character and consequences of hyperarousal. Although important differences between the two types of PTSD exist, the EST model proposes that the underlying fear of mortality maintains PTSD symptoms due to both discrete/external and ongoing/somatic events. Finally, this article offers a research agenda for testing the EST model, with a particular focus on areas that may improve cardiovascular prognosis and health behaviors in survivors of heart attack and stroke.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.