ArticleJournal of virology2014
Molecular mechanism of the airborne transmissibility of H9N2 avian influenza A viruses in chickens.
Article in Journal of virology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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42 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surveillance and biological characterization of H3 subtype avian influenza viruses in Eastern China.Virulence · 2026Article
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- Epidemiological and Virological Characteristics of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus in Jiangsu Province, China, 2024.Viruses · 2026Article
- Genetic characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N8 virus isolated from commercial poultry farms in Egypt reveals zoonotic potential.Archives of virology · 2025Article
- Microbial Aerosols in Livestock Farming Environment: A Threat That Cannot Be Ignored.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
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- Exploring Potential Intermediates in the Cross-Species Transmission of Influenza A Virus to Humans.Viruses · 2024Review
- Molecular Markers and Mechanisms of Influenza A Virus Cross-Species Transmission and New Host Adaptation.Viruses · 2024Review
- Risk assessment of the newly emerged H7N9 avian influenza viruses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Characterization of the haemagglutinin properties of the H5N1 avian influenza virus that caused human infections in Cambodia.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
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- Status and Challenges for Vaccination against Avian H9N2 Influenza Virus in China.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
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- Swine H1N1 Influenza Virus Variants with Enhanced Polymerase Activity and HA Stability Promote Airborne Transmission in Ferrets.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- G1-like PB2 gene improves virus replication and competitive advantage of H9N2 virus.Virus genes · 2021Article
- Review
- G1-like M and PB2 genes are preferentially incorporated into H7N9 progeny virions during genetic reassortment.BMC veterinary research · 2021Article
- Non-basic amino acids in the hemagglutinin proteolytic cleavage site of a European H9N2 avian influenza virus modulate virulence in turkeys.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Immune Escape Adaptive Mutations in the H7N9 Avian Influenza Hemagglutinin Protein Increase Virus Replication Fitness and Decrease Pandemic Potential.Journal of virology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
unlabelledH9N2 avian influenza virus has been prevalent in poultry in many parts of the world since the 1990s and occasionally crosses the host barrier, transmitting to mammals, including humans. In recent years, these viruses have contributed genes to H5N1 and H7N9 influenza viruses, threatening public health. To explore the molecular mechanism for the airborne transmission of H9N2 virus, we compared two genetically close strains isolated from chickens in 2001, A/chicken/Shanghai/7/2001(SH7) and A/chicken/Shanghai/14/2001 (SH14). SH7 is airborne transmissible between chickens, whereas SH14 is not. We used reverse genetics and gene swapping to derive recombinant SH7 (rSH7), rSH14, and a panel of reassortant viruses. Among the reassortant viruses, we identified segments HA and PA as governing the airborne transmission among chickens. In addition, the NP and NS genes also contributed to a lesser extent. Furthermore, the mutational analyses showed the transmissibility phenotype predominantly mapped to the HA and PA genes, with HA-K363 and PA-L672 being important for airborne transmissibility among chickens. In addition, the viral infectivity and acid stability are related to the airborne transmissibility. Importantly, airborne transmission studies of 18 arbitrarily chosen H9N2 viruses from our collections confirmed the importance of both 363K in HA and 672L in PA in determining their levels of transmissibility. Our finding elucidates the genetic contributions to H9N2 transmissibility in chickens and highlights the importance of their prevalence in poultry. IMPORTANCE: Our study investigates the airborne transmissibility of H9N2 viruses in chickens and the subsequent epidemic. H9N2 virus is the donor for several prevalent reassortant influenza viruses, such as H7N9/2013 and the H5N1 viruses. Poultry as the reservoir hosts of influenza virus is closely associated with human society. Airborne transmission is an efficient pathway for influenza virus transmission among flocks and individuals. Exploring the mechanism of the airborne transmission of the H9N2 virus in chickens could provide essential data regarding prevention and control of influenza endemics and pandemics.
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