SynthesisAmerican journal of epidemiology2014
Age at menarche and risks of all-cause and cardiovascular death: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in American journal of epidemiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 129 papers, 16 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
129 citing papers in PubMed, 16 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Brazilian Guideline on Menopausal Cardiovascular Health - 2024.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2024Guideline
- Early Menarche as a Protective Factor Against Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Anatolian journal of cardiology · 2024Pooled it
- The J shaped association of age at menarche and cardiovascular events: systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Mendelian randomization study and meta-analysis exploring the causality of age at menarche and the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- Phenols, Parabens, Phthalates and Puberty: a Systematic Review of Synthetic Chemicals Commonly Found in Personal Care Products and Girls' Pubertal Development.Current environmental health reports · 2022Pooled it
- Artificially Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Cancer Risk: A Comprehensive Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Association between the reproductive health of young women and cardiovascular disease in later life: umbrella review.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2020Pooled it
- Nutrient Intake through Childhood and Early Menarche Onset in Girls: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Adverse Childhood Experiences and Early Pubertal Timing Among Girls: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Variations in reproductive events across life: a pooled analysis of data from 505 147 women across 10 countries.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2019Pooled it
- Cardiovascular Disease and Breast Cancer: Where These Entities Intersect: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2018Pooled it
- Preterm birth and the timing of puberty: a systematic review.BMC pediatrics · 2018Pooled it
- Association between Small Fetuses and Puberty Timing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Pooled it
- Age at first birth and risk of later-life cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of the literature, its limitation, and recommendations for future research.BMC public health · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Development and Validation of Clinical Diagnostic Model for Girls with Central Precocious Puberty: Machine-learning Approaches.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Spatiotemporal Patterns of Age at Menarche or Spermarche in Chinese Children and Adolescents and Socioeconomic and Environmental Determinants: Findings from a Series of Nation-Wide Surveys, 1995 to 2019.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Fibroblast growth factor 21 and its relationship with central precocious puberty in girls.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- A Description of Temporal Trends and Age-Period-Cohort Effects in the Association Between Age at Menarche and Adult Obesity Among Women in the United States.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2026Article
69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the associations between menarcheal age and all-cause and cardiovascular death. Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge were searched for articles published prior to March 2013 reporting on the associations between menarcheal age and death from all causes or from cardiovascular disease (total cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and stroke) in adult women. Nine articles were eligible for inclusion; these reported 5 estimates each for death from all causes and total cardiovascular death, 6 estimates for IHD, and 7 estimates for death from stroke. Our meta-analysis showed that each 1-year increase in age at menarche was associated with a 3% lower relative risk of death from all causes (pooled hazard ratio = 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.96, 0.98) with low heterogeneity (I(2) = 32.2%). Meta-analysis of 2 cohorts showed a higher risk of death from all causes for women who experienced early menarche (at <12 years of age) versus "not early" menarche (at ≥ 12 years of age) (pooled hazard ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.10, 1.38; I(2) = 0%). An inverse association between age at menarche and death from IHD was observed only among nonsmoking populations or populations with low prevalence of smoking. We found no evidence of association between age at menarche and death from all cardiovascular diseases or stroke. Early menarche was consistently associated with higher risk of death from all causes. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of menarcheal age on cardiovascular outcomes and to investigate the potential modifying role of smoking.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.