Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24920218›Full record

ArticleHealth policy and planning2015

Innovations in communication technologies for measles supplemental immunization activities: lessons from Kenya measles vaccination campaign, November 2012.

William B Mbabazi, Collins W Tabu, Caleb Chemirmir, James Kisia, Nasra Ali, Melissa G Corkum, Gene L Bartley

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health policy and planning, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

William B MbabaziAmerican Red Cross International Response and Programs, PO Box 41275-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Division of Vaccines and Immunization, Ministry of Health, PO Box 30016, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya Red Cross, PO Box 40712-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, UNICEF East and Southern African Regional Office, United Nations Complex, Gigiri, PO Box 44145-00100, Nairobi, Kenya and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, PO Box 45335-00100 Nairobi, Kenya william.mbabazi@redcross.org.
Collins W TabuAmerican Red Cross International Response and Programs, PO Box 41275-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Division of Vaccines and Immunization, Ministry of Health, PO Box 30016, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya Red Cross, PO Box 40712-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, UNICEF East and Southern African Regional Office, United Nations Complex, Gigiri, PO Box 44145-00100, Nairobi, Kenya and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, PO Box 45335-00100 Nairobi, Kenya.
Caleb ChemirmirAmerican Red Cross International Response and Programs, PO Box 41275-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Division of Vaccines and Immunization, Ministry of Health, PO Box 30016, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya Red Cross, PO Box 40712-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, UNICEF East and Southern African Regional Office, United Nations Complex, Gigiri, PO Box 44145-00100, Nairobi, Kenya and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, PO Box 45335-00100 Nairobi, Kenya.
James KisiaAmerican Red Cross International Response and Programs, PO Box 41275-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Division of Vaccines and Immunization, Ministry of Health, PO Box 30016, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya Red Cross, PO Box 40712-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, UNICEF East and Southern African Regional Office, United Nations Complex, Gigiri, PO Box 44145-00100, Nairobi, Kenya and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, PO Box 45335-00100 Nairobi, Kenya.
Nasra AliAmerican Red Cross International Response and Programs, PO Box 41275-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Division of Vaccines and Immunization, Ministry of Health, PO Box 30016, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya Red Cross, PO Box 40712-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, UNICEF East and Southern African Regional Office, United Nations Complex, Gigiri, PO Box 44145-00100, Nairobi, Kenya and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, PO Box 45335-00100 Nairobi, Kenya.
Melissa G CorkumAmerican Red Cross International Response and Programs, PO Box 41275-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Division of Vaccines and Immunization, Ministry of Health, PO Box 30016, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya Red Cross, PO Box 40712-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, UNICEF East and Southern African Regional Office, United Nations Complex, Gigiri, PO Box 44145-00100, Nairobi, Kenya and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, PO Box 45335-00100 Nairobi, Kenya.
Gene L BartleyAmerican Red Cross International Response and Programs, PO Box 41275-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Division of Vaccines and Immunization, Ministry of Health, PO Box 30016, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya Red Cross, PO Box 40712-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, UNICEF East and Southern African Regional Office, United Nations Complex, Gigiri, PO Box 44145-00100, Nairobi, Kenya and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, PO Box 45335-00100 Nairobi, Kenya.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo achieve a measles free world, effective communication must be part of all elimination plans. The choice of communication approaches must be evidence based, locally appropriate, interactive and community owned. In this article, we document the innovative approach of using house visits supported by a web-enabled mobile phone application to create a real-time platform for adaptive management of supplemental measles immunization days in Kenya.

methodsOne thousand nine hundred and fifty-two Red Cross volunteers were recruited, trained and deployed to conduct house-to-house canvassing in 11 urban districts of Kenya. Three days before the campaigns, volunteers conducted house visits with a uniform approach and package of messages. All house visits were documented using a web-enabled mobile phone application (episurveyor®) that in real-time relayed information collected to all campaign management levels. During the campaigns, volunteers reported daily immunizations to their co-ordinators. Post-campaign house visits were also conducted within 4 days, to verify immunization of eligible children, assess information sources and detect adverse events following immunization.

resultsFifty-six per cent of the 164 643 households visited said that they had heard about the planned 2012 measles vaccination campaign 1-3 days before start dates. Twenty-five per cent of households were likely to miss the measles supplemental dose if they had not been reassured by the house visit. Pre- and post-campaign reasons for refusal showed that targeted communication reduced misconceptions, fear of injections and trust in herbal remedies. Daily reporting of immunizations using mobile phones informed changes in service delivery plans for better immunization coverage. House visits were more remembered (70%) as sources of information compared with traditional mass awareness channels like megaphones (41%) and radio (37%).

conclusionsIn high-density settlements, house-to-house visits are easy and more penetrative compared with traditional media approaches. Using mobile phones to document campaign processes and outputs provides real time evidence for service delivery planning to improve immunization coverage.

Indexed as

Communications MediaCell PhoneChildHealth PromotionHouse CallsHumansImmunization ProgramsKenyaMeaslesMobile ApplicationsVaccinationHouse-to-house canvassingKenyameasles campaignsmobile phones

Identifiers

PMID24920218
PMCPMC4421834

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.