ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2014
Antimicrobial peptides in reptiles.
Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed.
- Identification and Functional Characterization of Cytoprotective Crocodile-Derived Peptides against Oxidatively Stressed Human Keratinocytes.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Hybrid and conjugated antimicrobial peptides: new tactics to counter bacterial resistance.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Both lipopolysaccharide and vehicle treatments upregulate complement-dependent and complement-independent innate immune responses in Diamond-backed Watersnakes (Squamata:Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Hepcidin from the Chinese Spiny Frog (Genes · 2025Article
- Cathelicidin AS-12W Derived from the Alligator sinensis and Its Antimicrobial Activity Against Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria In Vitro and In Vivo.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Article
- Environmental modifications of dung beetle larvae shape their growth and life history.The Journal of experimental biology · 2025Article
- Marine Antimicrobial Peptides: Emerging Strategies Against Multidrug-Resistant and Biofilm-Forming Bacteria.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- The Contribution of Human Antimicrobial Peptides to Fungi.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Emerging Trends in Snake Venom-Loaded Nanobiosystems for Advanced Medical Applications: A Comprehensive Overview.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Peptide with Dual Roles in Immune and Metabolic Regulation: Liver-Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide-2 (LEAP-2).Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- LEAP2 in Physiology-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The biological functions ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Innovative Strategies and Methodologies in Antimicrobial Peptide Design.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2024Review
- Proteins from shrews' venom glands play a role in gland functioning and venom production.Zoological letters · 2024Article
- Structure-activity relationships of the intramolecular disulphide bonds in LEAP2, an antimicrobial peptide from Acrossocheilus fasciatus.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Applications of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in antimicrobial peptides field: Current state and new applications.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Proteomic analysis of crocodile white blood cells reveals insights into the mechanism of the innate immune system.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Immunomodulatory peptides: new therapeutic horizons for emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Aquiluscidin, a Cathelicidin fromMicroorganisms · 2023Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Reptiles are among the oldest known amniotes and are highly diverse in their morphology and ecological niches. These animals have an evolutionarily ancient innate-immune system that is of great interest to scientists trying to identify new and useful antimicrobial peptides. Significant work in the last decade in the fields of biochemistry, proteomics and genomics has begun to reveal the complexity of reptilian antimicrobial peptides. Here, the current knowledge about antimicrobial peptides in reptiles is reviewed, with specific examples in each of the four orders: Testudines (turtles and tortosises), Sphenodontia (tuataras), Squamata (snakes and lizards), and Crocodilia (crocodilans). Examples are presented of the major classes of antimicrobial peptides expressed by reptiles including defensins, cathelicidins, liver-expressed peptides (hepcidin and LEAP-2), lysozyme, crotamine, and others. Some of these peptides have been identified and tested for their antibacterial or antiviral activity; others are only predicted as possible genes from genomic sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis of the reptile genomes is presented, revealing many predicted candidate antimicrobial peptides genes across this diverse class. The study of how these ancient creatures use antimicrobial peptides within their innate immune systems may reveal new understandings of our mammalian innate immune system and may also provide new and powerful antimicrobial peptides as scaffolds for potential therapeutic development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.