ReviewFrontiers in immunology2014
Immunologic Basis for Long HCDR3s in Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Against HIV-1.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.
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Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Genotypic challenges in implementing broadly neutralizing antibody-based long-acting HIV-1 therapies.Communications medicine · 2026Review
- High affinity is insufficient for strong B cell activation by HIV broadly neutralising antibodies.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Decoding the glycan shield: Immune recognition and response to the HIV-1 envelope trimer.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Review
- Germline-somatic residue synergy reshapes antibody encounter-state pathways to enhance HIV-1 recognition.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Discovery of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 and JN.1 Variant-Specific Monoclonal Single-Domain Antibodies from a Synthetic Library.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Explore antibody repertoire in the era of AI.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2025Article
- Human monoclonal antibodies to HPV16 show evidence for common developmental pathways and public epitopes.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- De novo antibody identification in human blood from full-length single B cell transcriptomics and matching haplotype-resolved germline assemblies.Genome research · 2025Article
- Article
- Comparative analysis of CDR3 length-dependent patterns in VHHs.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The characteristics of TCR CDR3 repertoire in COVID-19 patients and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine recipients.Virulence · 2024Review
- Article
- Excess BAFF May Impact HIV-1-Specific Antibodies and May Promote Polyclonal Responses Including Those from First-Line Marginal Zone B-Cell Populations.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Article
- Engaging an HIV vaccine target through the acquisition of low B cell affinity.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Mechanism of glycoform specificity and in vivo protection by an anti-afucosylated IgG nanobody.Nature communications · 2023Article
- The Screening of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein by mRNA Immunization in Mice.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- B-1 plasma cells require non-cognate CD4 T cell help to generate a unique repertoire of natural IgM.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- DNA repair mechanisms that promote insertion-deletion events during immunoglobulin gene diversification.Science immunology · 2023Article
- Polyreactivity of antibodies from different B-cell subpopulations is determined by distinct sequence patterns of variable region.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A large number of potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against HIV-1 have been reported in recent years, raising hope for the possibility of an effective vaccine based on epitopes recognized by these protective antibodies. However, many of these bnAbs contain the long heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3 (HCDR3), which is viewed as an obstacle to the development of an HIV-1 vaccine targeting the bnAb responses. This mini-review summarizes the current literature and discusses the different potential immunologic mechanisms for generating long HCDR3, including D-D fusion, VH replacement, long N region addition, and skewed D-J gene usage, among which potential VH replacement products appear to be significant contributors. VH replacement occurs through recombinase activated gene-mediated secondary recombination and contributes to the diversified naïve B cell repertoire. During VH replacement, a short stretch of nucleotides from previously rearranged VH genes remains within the newly formed HCDR3, thus elongating its length. Accumulating evidence suggests that long HCDR3s are present in significant numbers in the human mature naïve B cell repertoire and are primarily generated by recombination during B cell development. These new observations indicate that long HCDR3s, though low in frequency, are a normal feature of the human antibody naïve repertoire and they appear to be selected to target conserved epitopes located in deep, partially obscured regions of the HIV-1 envelope trimer. Therefore, the presence of long HCDR3 sequences should not necessarily be viewed as an obstacle to the development of an HIV-1 vaccine based upon bnAb responses.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.