Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24917657›Full record

ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2014

Effectiveness of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease in HIV-infected and -uninfected children in south africa: a matched case-control study.

Cheryl Cohen, Claire von Mollendorf, Linda de Gouveia, Nireshni Naidoo, Susan Meiring, Vanessa Quan, Vusi Nokeri, Melony Fortuin-de Smit, Babatyi Malope-Kgokong, David Moore and 13 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Immunologic and Virologic Factors Associated With Hospitalization in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed, Uninfected Infants in the United States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021
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  16. HPV vaccination in HIV infection.Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2019
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Cheryl CohenCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand.
Claire von MollendorfCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand.
Linda de GouveiaCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service.
Nireshni NaidooCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand.
Susan MeiringDivision of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service.
Vanessa QuanDivision of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service.
Vusi NokeriCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service.
Melony Fortuin-de SmitDivision of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service.
Babatyi Malope-KgokongCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service.
David MooreDepartment of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases.
Gary ReubensonRahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand.
Mamokgethi MosheDr George Mukhari Hospital, Paediatrics Department, Medunsa University, Gauteng Province.
Shabir A MadhiCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases School of Pathology Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
Brian EleyRed Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, and the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town.
Ute HallbauerDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Universitas and Pelonomi Hospitals, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein.
Ranmini KularatneRahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Laura ConklinNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Katherine L O'BrienJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Elizabeth R ZellNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Keith KlugmanSchool of Pathology Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, and Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Cynthia G WhitneyNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Anne von GottbergCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service School of Pathology Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
South African Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Case-Control Study Group

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSouth Africa introduced 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in April 2009 using a 2 + 1 schedule (6 and 14 weeks and 9 months). We estimated the effectiveness of ≥2 PCV7 doses against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and -uninfected children.

methodsIPD (pneumococcus identified from a normally sterile site) cases were identified through national laboratory-based surveillance. Specimens were serotyped by Quellung or polymerase chain reaction. Four controls, matched for age, HIV status, and hospital were sought for each case. Using conditional logistic regression, we calculated vaccine effectiveness (VE) as 1 minus the adjusted odds ratio for vaccination.

resultsFrom March 2010 through November 2012, we enrolled 187 HIV-uninfected (48 [26%] vaccine serotype) and 109 HIV-infected (43 [39%] vaccine serotype) cases and 752 HIV-uninfected and 347 HIV-infected controls aged ≥16 weeks. Effectiveness of ≥2 PCV7 doses against vaccine-serotype IPD was 74% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25%-91%) among HIV-uninfected and -12% (95% CI, -449% to 77%) among HIV-infected children. Effectiveness of ≥3 doses against vaccine-serotype IPD was 90% (95% CI, 14%-99%) among HIV-uninfected and 57% (95% CI, -371% to 96%) among HIV-infected children. Among HIV-exposed but -uninfected children, effectiveness of ≥2 doses was 92% (95% CI, 47%-99%) against vaccine-serotype IPD. Effectiveness of ≥2 doses against all-serotype multidrug-resistant IPD was 96% (95% CI, 62%-100%) among HIV-uninfected children.

conclusionsA 2 + 1 PCV7 schedule was effective in preventing vaccine-serotype IPD in HIV-uninfected and HIV-exposed, uninfected children. This finding supports the World Health Organization recommendation for this schedule as an alternative to a 3-dose primary series among HIV-uninfected individuals.

Indexed as

CoinfectionCase-Control StudiesChild, PreschoolFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansInfantMalePneumococcal InfectionsPneumococcal VaccinesRisk FactorsSerogroupSouth AfricaStreptococcus pneumoniae13-valent pneumococcal vaccinePneumococcal VaccineschildrenHIVpneumococcal conjugate vaccinepneumococcusSouth Africa

Identifiers

PMID24917657
PMCPMC4144265

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.