ArticleEuropean journal of human genetics : EJHG2015
Sandwich corrected standard errors in family-based genome-wide association studies.
Article in European journal of human genetics : EJHG, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Genome-wide association meta-analysis of childhood ADHD symptoms and diagnosis identifies new loci and potential effector genes.Nature genetics · 2025Pooled it
- Genetic meta-analysis of twin birth weight shows high genetic correlation with singleton birth weight.Human molecular genetics · 2021Pooled it
- Genetic Associations Between Childhood Psychopathology and Adult Depression and Associated Traits in 42 998 Individuals: A Meta-analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Genome-wide association meta-analysis of age at first cannabis use.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2018Pooled it
- Genetic Overlap Between Schizophrenia and Developmental Psychopathology: Longitudinal and Multivariate Polygenic Risk Prediction of Common Psychiatric Traits During Development.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2017Pooled it
- Living happily ever after: longitudinal insights into enduring mental health and wellbeing.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Social Mismatch and Affective Wellbeing: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.Journal of happiness studies · 2025Article
- Gene-by-Crisis Interaction for Optimism and Meaning in Life: The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Behavior genetics · 2022Article
- Measurement and genetic architecture of lifetime depression in the Netherlands as assessed by LIDAS (Lifetime Depression Assessment Self-report).Psychological medicine · 2021Article
- Onset of Preclinical Alzheimer Disease in Monozygotic Twins.Annals of neurology · 2021Article
- Genetic evidence for a large overlap and potential bidirectional causal effects between resilience and well-being.Neurobiology of stress · 2021Article
- White matter microstructure disruption in early stage amyloid pathology.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2021Article
- Amyloid-driven disruption of default mode network connectivity in cognitively healthy individuals.Brain communications · 2021Article
- A Comparison of the ASEBA Adult Self Report (ASR) and the Brief Problem Monitor (BPM/18-59).Behavior genetics · 2020Article
- Empirical comparisons of multiple Mendelian randomization approaches in the presence of assortative mating.International journal of epidemiology · 2020Article
- Associations between loneliness and personality are mostly driven by a genetic association with Neuroticism.Journal of personality · 2019Article
- Tracking of voluntary exercise behaviour over the lifespan.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2019Article
- The EMIF-AD PreclinAD study: study design and baseline cohort overview.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2018Article
- Predicting loneliness with polygenic scores of social, psychological and psychiatric traits.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2018Article
- Genome-wide analysis of adolescent psychotic-like experiences shows genetic overlap with psychiatric disorders.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2018Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Given the availability of genotype and phenotype data collected in family members, the question arises which estimator ensures the most optimal use of such data in genome-wide scans. Using simulations, we compared the Unweighted Least Squares (ULS) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) procedures. The former is implemented in Plink and uses a sandwich correction to correct the standard errors for model misspecification of ignoring the clustering. The latter is implemented by fast linear mixed procedures and models explicitly the familial resemblance. However, as it commits to a background model limited to additive genetic and unshared environmental effects, it employs a misspecified model for traits with a shared environmental component. We considered the performance of the two procedures in terms of type I and type II error rates, with correct and incorrect model specification in ML. For traits characterized by moderate to large familial resemblance, using an ML procedure with a correctly specified model for the conditional familial covariance matrix should be the strategy of choice. The potential loss in power encountered by the sandwich corrected ULS procedure does not outweigh its computational convenience. Furthermore, the ML procedure was quite robust under model misspecification in the simulated settings and appreciably more powerful than the sandwich corrected ULS procedure. However, to correct for the effects of model misspecification in ML in circumstances other than those considered here, we propose to use a sandwich correction. We show that the sandwich correction can be formulated in terms of the fast ML method.
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